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Hu (Chinese: 户语; pinyin: Hùyǔ), also Angku or Kon Keu, is a Palaungic language of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Its speakers are an unclassified ethnic minority; the Chinese government counts the Angku as members of the Bulang nationality, but the Angku language is not intelligible with Bulang.

Distribution

According to Li (2006:340), there are fewer than 1,000 speakers living on the slopes of the "Kongge" Mountain ("控格山") in Na Huipa village (纳回帕村), Mengyang township (勐养镇), Jinghong (景洪市, a county-level city).

Hu speakers call themselves the xuʔ55, and the local Dai peoples call them the "black people" (黑人), as well as xɔn55 kɤt35, meaning 'surviving souls'. They are also known locally as the Kunge people (昆格人) or Kongge people (控格人).

References

1. ^ Li (2006).
2. Hu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
3. "Jǐnghóng Shì Měngyǎng Zhèn Kūngé Cūnwěihuì Nàhuípà" 景洪市勐养镇昆格村委会纳回帕 [Nahuipa, Kunge Village Committee, Mengyang Town, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-02-02. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
4. Yan & Zhou (2012), p. 152.

Further reading

• Jiang, Guangyou 蒋光友; Shi, Jian 时建 (2016). Kūngéyǔ cānkǎo yǔfǎ 昆格语参考语法 [A Reference Grammar of Kunge ] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-5161-8444-8.
• Li, Jinfang 李锦芳 (2006). Xīnán dìqū bīnwēi yǔyán diàochá yánjiū 西南地区濒危语言调查研究 [Studies on Endangered Languages in the Southwest China] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.
• Svantesson, Jan-Olof (1991). "Hu – a Language with Unorthodox Tonogenesis". In Davidson, Jeremy H.C.S. (ed.). Austroasiatic Languages: Essays in Honour of H. L. Shorto (PDF). London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. pp. 67–80.
• Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志 (2012). Zhōngguó Mèng-Gāomián yǔzú yǔyán yǔ Nányǎ yǔxì 中国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系 [Mon-Khmer Languages of China and the Austroasiatic Family]. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-5097-2860-4.

External links

• RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
• Hu in RWAAI Digital Archive
• Hu recordings in Kaipuleohone include a word list, sentence elicitation and interview.

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• Languages of Yunnan
• Palaungic languages
• Austroasiatic language stubs