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South Tyrolean German or South Tyrolese (Südtiroulerisch or Sîdtiroul(er)isch; Standard German: Südtirolerisch or Südtirolisch) is a dialect spoken in the northern Italian province of South Tyrol.
It is generally considered to be a sub-variety of Southern Bavarian, and has many similarities with other South German varieties, in particular with varieties of Austrian Standard German. It may develop its own standard variety of German, though currently is linguistically heteronomous to German Standard German (see One Standard German Axiom for discussion).
What differentiates South Tyrolean German from other Bavarian varieties is primarily the influence of Italian and Ladin on its lexicon.
Characteristics
69.15% of the inhabitants of South Tyrol speak German as their mother tongue. South Tyrolean tends to be used at home or in informal situations, while standard German in its Austrian variant prevails at school, work and for official purposes. As such, this is a medial diglossia, since the spoken language is mainly the dialect, whereas the written language is mainly the Austrian German variety of Standard German.
The South Tyrolean dialect is related to Bairisch. It preserves its specific traits and is basically homogeneous with Northern Tyrolean variants. However it has absorbed some Italian or Italian-based terms, especially for administrative purposes (for example "driving license", "General Practitioner", etc.) and some types of food. These terms are seldom present in Standard German or Austrian German.
