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Sallaans (Dutch: Sallands; Low Saxon: Sallaands) is a collective term for the Westphalian dialects of the region Salland, in the province of Overijssel, as well as in minor parts of Gelderland and Drenthe in the Eastern Netherlands, and a small part in the North and the East of Veluwe. In the Kop van Overijssel, the Stellingwarfs dialect is spoken.

A common term used by native speakers for their dialect, which is also used by Low Saxon speakers from other regions for their respective dialects, is plat or simply dialect. Yet another common usage is to refer to the language by the name of the local variety, where for instance Dal(f)sens would be the name for the Sallaans variety spoken in the village of Dalfsen. Sallands is more influenced by the Hollandic dialects than Twents or Achterhoeks. This influence is known as the Hollandse expansie. For example, the word 'house' (Standard Dutch huis ) is hoes in Twents but huus in Sallaans. The Hollandic dialects of the 17th century still had not diphthongized [yː] to , and due to their prestigious status they triggered the shift from [uː] to [yː].

Phonology

Consonants

• appears only as an allophone of /k/ before voiced consonants.
• /ʋ/ occurring before and after back-rounded vowels is pronounced as a labio-velar approximant .
• After long close and close-mid vowels, /r/ surfaces as a diphthongization of the vowel, as in zoer . This also happens in compounds: veurkämer . It is also often dropped preconsonantally after /ə/.

Vowels

• Unlike in Standard Dutch, the long close-mid monophthongs /eː, øː, oː/ are actual monophthongs and not narrow closing diphthongs . They do not appear before /r/ whenever that consonant occurs before a vowel or at the end of a word, where the open-mid series /ɛː, œː, ɔː/ occurs instead.
• The schwa /ə/ is often dropped before /n/, resulting in a syllabic nasal homorganic with the preceding consonant. This occurs after most consonants, including nasals themselves: piepen , slóffen , gieten , kieken , esprungen , lachen . The sequences /əl/ and /ər/ are treated the same, except for the fact that they do not assimilate to the place of articulation of the preceding consonant.

• /œy/ is realized as before vowels and in the word-final position.

Some examples

Present tense

Past tense

Plurals and diminutives

References

1. Sallaans at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
2. A. A. Weijnen, Nederlandse dialectkunde, 1958, p. 461, Kaart 36a - De noordoostelijke dialecten (online)
3. Henk Bloemhoff, Jurjen van der Kooi, Hermann Niebaum en Siemon Reker (red.), Handboek Nedersaksische Taal- en Letterkunde, Assen: Van Gorcum
4. H. Scholtmeijer (2006), Mörn! Taalgids Overijssel, Assen: In Boekvorm Uitgevers bv. (p.64-65)
5. G.G. Kloeke (1927) De Hollandsche expansie in de zestiende en zeventiende eeuw en haar weerspiegeling in de hedendaagsche Nederlandsche dialecten: Proeve eener historisch-dialectgeographische synthese
6. Spa (2011), pp. 40, 47.
7. Spa (2011), p. 47.
8. Spa (2011), pp. 42–43.
9. Spa (2011), pp. 11–35.
10. Spa (2011), pp. 19, 21, 23, 42.
11. Spa (2011).
12. Spa (2011), pp. 35–39.
13. Spa (2011), p. 44.

Bibliography

• Spa, J.J. (2011). De dialecten van centraal-Salland: Raalte, Heino en Lemelerveld.

Further reading

• Nijen Twilhaar, Jan (1999), "Deventer", in Kruijsen, Joep; van der Sijs, Nicoline (eds.), Honderd Jaar Stadstaal (PDF), Uitgeverij Contact, pp. 59–73

External links

• The Parable of the Prodigal Son in the Zwolle variety of Sallaans
• The same, from Deventer

• Westphalian dialects
• Dutch Low Saxon
• Languages of the Netherlands
• Culture of Drenthe
• Culture of Overijssel
• Salland
• Emmen, Netherlands