Sognamål dialect - Misplaced Pages

Western Norwegian dialect

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Sognamål dialect
sognamaol
Region	Sogn
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Northwest Germanic North Germanic West Scandinavian (disputed) Sognamål dialect
Early forms	Old Norse Old West Norse Old Norwegian Middle Norwegian
Writing system	Latin (Norwegian alphabet) Norwegian Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
IETF	`no-u-sd-no14`
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Sognamål (literally "Sogn language", in Sognamål; sognamaol) is a Western Norwegian dialect which is spoken in the area of Sogn. One of the most prominent features of Sognamål is the pronunciation instead of in many words, i.e. exactly how the letter "á" is pronounced in modern Icelandic. The folk/black metal band Windir from Sogndal used the dialect in their lyrics.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n
Plosive / Affricate	voiceless	p	t	c͡ç	k
Plosive / Affricate	voiced	b	d	ɟ͡ʝ	ɡ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s			h
Fricative	voiced	v
Trill			r

/m, p, b/ are bilabial, whereas /f, v/ are labiodental.
/p, b, t, d, k, ɡ/ are plosives, whereas /c͡ç, ɟ͡ʝ/ are affricates.
Phonetically, /r/ can be trilled [r] or tapped [ɾ].

Vowels

Monophthong phonemes of Sognamål
	Front				Back
	unrounded		rounded		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː			ʊ	ʊː
Mid	ɛ	eː	ø	øː	ɔ	ɔː
Open					a	aː

/eː/ is close-mid front [eː]. Its short counterpart is the open-mid front [ɛ].
/ʊ, ʊː/ are close-mid .
The long /øː/ is open-mid front [œː], whereas the short /ø/ varies between open-mid front [œ] and near-close front [ʉ̞˖].
/ɔ, ɔː/ are open-mid .
/a, aː/ are central .

Diphthong phonemes of Sognamål
Starting point	Ending point
	Front				Back
	unrounded		rounded		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close			iʉ	iʉː
Close-mid	ei	eiː	eʉ	eʉː
Open-mid	ɔi	ɔiː	øy	øyː	oʊ	oʊː
Open	ai	aiː			aʊ	aʊː

/iʉ, iʉː/ are phonetically .
/ei, eiː/ are phonetically .
/eʉ, eʉː/ are phonetically .
/øy, øyː/ are phonetically .
/ɔi, ɔiː/ are phonetically .
/oʊ, oʊː/ are phonetically .
/ai, aiː/ are phonetically .
/aʊ, aʊː/ are phonetically .

References

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Older Runic". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
^ Haugen (2004), p. 32.
^ Haugen (2004), p. 30.
Haugen (2004), pp. 30–31.
^ Haugen (2004), p. 31.

Bibliography

Haugen, Ragnhild (2004), Språk og språkhaldningar hjå ungdomar i Sogndal (PDF), Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen

Norwegian language

Varieties

Written

Official	Bokmål Nynorsk Samnorsk (discontinued)
Unofficial	Høgnorsk Riksmål

Spoken

West and south	Arendalsk Bergensk Sandnesmål Sognamål Stavangersk etc.
East	Bohusmål Gudbrandsdalsmål Hallingmål-Valdris Särna-Idremål [sv] Urban East Norwegian Vikværsk Oslo dialect etc.
Trøndersk	Herjedalsk [sv] Jemtlansk Medalsk Trondheimsk etc.
North	Brønnøymål etc.
Non-dialectical	Kebabnorsk Modern Norwegian Svorsk American Norwegian
Extinct	Old West Norse Old Norwegian Middle Norwegian Dano-Norwegian Russenorsk