Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia

Unification of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

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The unification of Moldavia and Wallachia (Romanian: Unirea Moldovei și Țării Românești), also known as the unification of the Romanian Principalities (Romanian: Unirea Principatelor Române) or as the Little Union (Romanian: Mica Unire), happened in 1859 following the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as prince of both the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia. A potential unification between the two principalities, which shared a common Romanian ethnicity, language and culture, had been attempted to be avoided by the great powers for a long time, although it was allowed at the moment it happened. The unification of these two states began a political struggle in the new country to find out which of the two regions would obtain "supremacy" and met some opposition in Moldavia by the so-called "separatists".

Nowadays, in Romania, the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia is regarded as a prelude to the Great Union, a name used in Romanian historiography to refer to the unifications of Romania with the regions of Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania in 1918 during or following the end of World War I. It is also commemorated every 24 January through the Day of the Unification of the Romanian Principalities in both Romania and Moldova.

References

Ungureanu, Constantin (2012). "Conferința științifică "Unirea Principatelor Române din 1859: context istoric și semnificații actuale"" (PDF). Revista de Istorie a Moldovei (in Romanian). 1 (89): 153–154.
^ Vițu, Valeria (24 January 2018). "Ziua Unirii Principatelor Române, marcată și în R. Moldova". RFI România (in Romanian).
^ Ciobotaru, Diego (24 January 2014). ""Jos Cuza! Jos Bucureștiul!" - Fața nevăzută a Micii Uniri". Ziarul de Iași (in Romanian).
Hitchins, Keith (2014). A concise history of Romania. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–327. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139033954. ISBN 9780521872386.
Suciu, Dumitru (1993). From the Union of the Principalities to the Creation of Greater Romania. Center for Transylvanian studies, the Romanian Cultural Foundation. pp. 1–159. ISBN 9789739132725.
Andreescu, Mihail M. (2018). "Drumul către Marea Unire din 1 decembrie 1918". Studii și comunicări/DIS (in Romanian) (11): 57–65.
"Ziua Unirii Principatelor Române". Agerpres (in Romanian). 24 January 2020.

v t e International relations (1814–1919)
Great powers	Austria-Hungary France Germany Italy Japan Russia United Kingdom United States
Alliances	Triple Alliance Dual Alliance Triple Entente Franco-Russian Alliance Entente Cordiale Anglo-Russian Convention Anglo-Japanese Alliance League of the Three Emperors Eight-Nation Alliance Balkan League
Trends	European balance of power Ottoman decline Eastern question Spread of nationalism Sovereign debt French–German enmity Revanchism Pax Britannica New Imperialism Scramble for Africa Egyptian Lever In Asia Great Game Scramble for China Open Door Policy Meiji era Pan-Slavism Great Rapprochement Second Industrial Revolution Industrial warfare
Treaties and agreements	Congress of Vienna Treaty of Versailles (1871) Treaty of Frankfurt Treaty of Berlin Reinsurance Treaty Treaty of Paris Treaty of Björkö Taft–Katsura agreement Hague Conventions Martens Clause Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty Racconigi agreement 1917 Franco-Russian agreement
Events	Formation of Romania Unification of Germany Unification of Italy Great Eastern Crisis Congress of Berlin Berlin Conference Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits Weltpolitik Naval arms races Anglo-German Dreadnought German Naval Laws Austro-Italian Fashoda Incident Annexation of Hawaii Venezuela Naval Blockade Alaska boundary dispute First Moroccan Crisis Algeciras Conference Agadir Crisis Treaty of Fes Bosnian Crisis July Crisis
Wars	Russo-Turkish Anglo-Egyptian First Sino-Japanese Spanish–American Banana Wars Philippine–American Boxer Rebellion Second Boer Russo-Japanese Italo-Turkish Balkan Wars First Second Albanian Revolts First Second Third World War I

Great Union (Marea Unire)

Background

Ideology	Romanian nationalism Romanian irredentism Greater Romania
Events	Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja Romanian annexation of Silistra Conquest of Southern Dobruja Treaty of Bucharest of 1916

Figures

Accomplishment

Romania in World War I	First Romanian war plan 1916 Romanian Campaign Battle of Transylvania The Romanian Debacle Battle of Bucharest Central Powers occupation of Romania 1917 Romanian Campaign Battle of Mărăști Battle of Mărășești Third Battle of Oituz Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia Second Romanian campaign Hungarian–Romanian War Romanian occupation of Hungary Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
Institutions and documents	Sfatul Țării General Congress of Bukovina Great Romanian National Council Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia Declaration of Alba Iulia Directing Council Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Treaty of Trianon Treaty of Paris (unenforced)
Unifications	Union with Bessarabia Union with Bukovina Union with Transylvania

Disestablishment

Aftermath

Commemoration

Holidays	Dobruja Day Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania Bukovina Day Great Union Day (Romanian national day) Trianon Treaty Day
Centenary	Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal Centenary March 2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania

Romanian nationalism

Ideology

Events

Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan Moldavian Revolution of 1848 Wallachian Revolution of 1848 Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia Bridge of Flowers
Unifications	Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia Union of Bessarabia with Romania Union of Bukovina with Romania Union of Transylvania with Romania Great Union Greater Romania

Figures

Political parties

Current

Former

Organizations

Popular culture

Songs	"Cântă cucu-n Bucovina" "Dac-am plecat, Ardealule, din tine" "Deșteaptă-te, române!" "Doamne, ocrotește-i pe români" "Drum bun" "Hora Unirii" "Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire" "Pui de lei" "Treceți, batalioane române, Carpații" "Trei culori"
Phrases	"Bessarabia, Romanian land"

Nationalists

Policies

See also

References