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Sansha 三沙市
Prefecture-level city
City Hall of Sansha
Sansha
Coordinates (Sansha municipal government): 16°49′52″N 112°20′19″E / 16.8310°N 112.3386°E / 16.8310; 112.3386
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Hainan
Prefecture-level city established	24 July 2012
City seat	Yongxing Island (Woody Island)
Government
• CCP Secretary	Yuan Guangping (袁光平)
• Congress Chairperson	Wang Changren (王长仁)
• Mayor	Deng Zhong (邓忠)
Area
• Land	<13 km (<5 sq mi)
• Water	~2,000,000 km (~772,000 sq mi)
Population
• Total	1,443
Time zone	UTC+08:00 (China Standard Time)
Postal code	573100
Website	www.sansha.gov.cn
Territorial Dispute: There are on-going territorial disputes in the entire area covered by the city, whose administrative authority is not internationally recognized.

Sansha
"Sansha", as written in Chinese
Chinese	三沙
Hanyu Pinyin	Sānshā
Postal	Samsha
Literal meaning	three sands (referring to the Chinese names for the three island groups)
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Sānshā Wu Romanization saeso Xiang IPA siã so Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Sāamsā Jyutping saamsaa Southern Min Hokkien POJ sam-sua

Sansha City (Chinese: 三沙市; pinyin: Sānshā Shì) is a prefecture-level city under the Hainan province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and is the southernmost and least populated prefecture in China by far, with the smallest land area but the largest maritime territory. The city's seat is located on Yongxing Island in the South China Sea, and administers (actually or nominally) several island groups, atolls, seamounts and a number of other ungrouped maritime features within the nine-dash line, although the PRC's de facto control over the area varies. The name "Sansha", literally meaning "three sands", refers to the three archipelago districts of Xisha (Chinese: 西沙; lit. 'west sand'), Zhongsha (Chinese: 中沙; lit. 'central sand') and Nansha (Chinese: 南沙; lit. 'south sand').

Sansha was created on 24 July 2012, and administers a group of 260 islands, reefs and beaches located in the Spratly Islands (Nansha), Paracel Islands (Xisha), and Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha Islands). Reports in the China Daily stated that the establishment of Sansha was simply an upgrade of its administrative status from the previous county-level administration to prefecture-level. Subsequent developments have turned Sansha City (located on Xisha District's Yongxing Island) into a small town with over 1,400 residents, with a dual-use airport that has a 2,700 metres (3,000 yd) runway and two artificial harbors capable of docking sea vessels up to 5,000 tonnes.

Due to territorial disputes in the South China Sea, foreign reaction to the city's establishment was not positive. The United States Department of State called the change in the administrative status "unilateral", and the move has received criticism from nations engaged in the South China Sea dispute, particularly the Philippines as well as Vietnam and the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan), which claims the island.

Recent history

In March 1953, as talks were proceeding with the French on the handing over of Hainan and territories south of Guangdong to the People's Republic of China, the Chinese State Council authorized the establishment of a separate "Guangdong Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority" as a county-level administrative division on Woody Island (Yongxing Dao). However, the island continued to support a threadbare population of fisherfolk at that time. In March 1959, this authority was upgraded to an administrative office in the name of "Guangdong Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Revolutionary Committee". In October 1984, the administration of Sansha consisting of Yongxing Dao (Woody Island) and other islands in the South China sea was transferred to Hainan. This coincided with the establishment of Hainan as a separate administrative region. In September 1988, the authority's name was officially changed to the "Hainan Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority". On 25 December 2006, Woody Island 'census-town's' first-ever "Residents' and Fishermen's Congress" was held. Three representatives at the township and village levels were selected to represent the census-town's Neighborhood Committee of the North and South Villages. The Neighborhood Committee began work on Woody Island the following day with an office at the Border Guards of the Paracels' Police Station. These were the first ever actual subdivisions created within the county-level authority.

The prospect of the establishment of a "city" on Woody Island was first publicized on 19 November 2007 in a report by Mingpao, a Hong Kong-based newspaper, through a telephone interview with a Mr. Zhang of the Propaganda Department of Wenchang, Hainan. This report claimed that a county-level city was to be established by the PRC State Council in November 2007 to administer three disputed archipelagos in the South China Sea: the Paracel Islands, Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha Islands) and the Spratly Islands. This was to replace the county-level "Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority". The city of Wenchang would provide supplies and logistics to the to-be-established city.

On 23 July 2012, the PRC Central Military Commission announced it had authorized the People's Liberation Army Guangzhou Military Command to form a "garrison command" in Sansha City. The troops would be responsible for managing the city's national defence mobilisation, military reserve, and carrying out military operations.

On 24 July 2012, the PRC officially established the city of Sansha in Yongxing Island.

Administrative divisions

Sansha City has two districts, Xisha District and Nansha District. Xisha District administers the Xisha and Zhongsha Islands and their surrounding waters, with the district government located on Yongxing Town. Nansha District administers the Nansha Islands and their surrounding waters, with the district government located on Yongshu Jiao.

Sansha is governed by a municipal congress of 60 delegates directly elected, with a standing committee of 15 members. It is further subdivided into 2 districts at county-level, 3 towns/management committees at the township-level, and further into 11 residential communities at village-level, based on the island groups:

Division code County-level divisions		Township-level divisions	Village-level divisions	αβγδεζηθκλclass=notpageimage| Location of the major islands in Sansha administrative area of PRC. Legend： Black：α – Yongxing Island (Woody Island) (seat of Sansha) Red：β – Chigua Reef (Johnson South Reef) Green：γ – Dongmen Reef (Hughes Reef) Yellow：δ – Huangyan Island (Scarborough Shoal) Red：ε – Huayang Reef (Cuarteron Reef) Blue：ζ – Meiji Reef (Mischief Reef) Blue：η – Nanxun Reef (Gaven Reefs) Black：θ – Zhongjian Island (Triton Island) Green：κ – Yongshu Reef (Fiery Cross Reef) Purple：λ – Zhubi Reef (Subi Reef)
460302 Xisha District 西沙区 Xīshā Qū District seat: Yongxing town MA		Yongxing Town Management Area 永兴镇管理区 Yǒngxìng Zhèn Guǎnlǐqū	Yongxing Residential Community 永兴社区 Yǒngxìng Shèqū
			Yingqu Residential Community 营区社区 Yíngqū Shèqū
		Qilianyu Management Area 七连屿管理区 Qīliányǔ Guǎnlǐqū	Beidao Residential Community 北岛社区 Běidǎo Shèqū
			Zhaoshu Residential Community 赵述社区 Zhàoshù Shèqū
		Yonglequndao Management Area 永乐群岛管理区 Yǒnglè Qúndǎo Guǎnlǐqū	Jinqing Residential Community 晋卿社区 Jìnqīng Shèqū
			Yinyu Residential Community 银屿社区 Yínyǔ Shèqū
			Lingyang Residential Community 羚羊社区 Língyáng Shèqū
			Ganquan Residential Community 甘泉社区 Gānquán Shèqū
			Yagong Residential Community 鸭公社区 Yāgōng Shèqū
(under Xisha)	Zhongsha Islands 中沙群岛的岛礁及其海域 Zhōngshā Qúndǎo De Dǎojiāo Jíqí Hǎiyù District seat: Huangyan		(under Xisha) Huangyan 黄岩 Huángyán
			(under Xisha) Zhongsha Bank 中沙大环礁 Zhōngshā Dàhuán Jiāo
460303 Nansha District 南沙区 Nánshā Qū District seat: Nansha MA		Nansha Management Area 南沙管理区 Nánshā Guǎnlǐqū	Yongshu Residential Community 永暑社区 Yǒngshǔ Shèqū
			(under Yongshu) Meiji 美济 Měijì
			(under Yongshu) Zhubi 渚碧 Zhǔbì
			(under Yongshu) Huangyang 华阳 Huángyáng
			(under Yongshu) Chigua 赤瓜 Chìguā
			(under Yongshu) Nanxun 南薰 Nánxūn
			(under Yongshu) Dongmen 东门 Dōngmén

Climate

Industries and facilities

The Sansha city has a registered population of 621 (as per 2020) and a resident population of around 1,800, in addition to an unknown number of military garrison personnels. They tend to practice fishing, and selling products to the occasional cruise ship (MV Qionghai 3 and MV Sansha 1) whose tourists visit the island. In November 2016, the Hainan government started to allow large companies to register themselves in Sansha, by providing extensive tax benefits to them. This resulted in 157 large national and multinational companies registering themselves in Sansha.

In 2016, a government school and a public library were opened in the island, primarily for children of the islanders. In the same year, a desalinating plant was established to provide drinking water to the island's residents.

Airports are built on several islands under Sansha City, including Yongxing Island, Meiji Island, Yongshu Island and Zhubi Island, all of which have runways longer than 2,700 metres (3,000 yd) and are suitable for planes sizing up to 4E standards, theoretically capable of landing Boeing 777s as diversion airports. In practice, only the Yongxing Island Airport see scheduled commercial services, onboard Boeing 737 operated by Hainan Airlines. The other airports are for military use only.

Initiatives

"Greening the islands"

The second stage of a greening project for Sansha was announced on 30 June 2014. It states: "According to the investment plan, 18 million yuan (about 2.92 million U.S. dollars) will be used to build desalination systems and grow trees on Xishazhou Island (West Sand - NW Crescent Group) in the hope of turning the island into a new oasis." The article makes references to the greening of:

• Ganquan Island (Robert Island) - W Crescent Group between Antelope Reef and Pattle Island, where an environmental protection station was set up in February 2014
• Jinqin (Drummond Island) - E Crescent Group
• Lingyangjiao (Antelope Reef) - W Crescent Group between Money and Robert Islands
• Xishazhou Island (West Sand) - NW Crescent Group
• Yagong Island - NE Crescent Group, between Tree Island and Observation Bank
• Yinyu (Observation Bank / Silver Islet) - NE Crescent Group
• Yongxing Island (Woody Island) - Centre of Amphitrite group
• Zhaoshu (Tree Island) - N Crescent Group

It also mentions substantial infrastructure upgrades to Woody Island, including waste-water treatment, garbage aggregation and treatment, desalination (1 million litres/day) and upgrades to photovoltaic equipment.

Controversy and protests

Because Sansha's jurisdiction comprises island groups that several nations besides the PRC claim as their own, the "city" is considered by some as controversial.

In 2007, the Foreign Ministry of Vietnam protested against the city's proposed establishment, which had been recently approved by the PRC's State Council, as Vietnam claims two of the three island groups that comprise Sansha. This was later followed by student demonstrations at the Chinese embassy in Hanoi, and at a consulate in Ho Chi Minh City.

Days prior to the official establishment of the city in late July 2012, Vietnam again stated its opposition and was joined in its protests by the Philippines. The United States Department of State also weighed in on the issue stating, "we remain concerned should there be any unilateral moves of this kind that would seem to prejudge an issue." The chair of the US Senate Foreign Relations East Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee, Jim Webb, also made a statement regarding Sansha and questioned whether the city's creation was a violation of international law. While Senator Webb stated that the establishment of Sansha was China "creating a governmental system out of nothing", the Chinese government has included the island groups that comprise Sansha in its administrative structure since 1959. Before these island groups were under the nominal administration of Sansha, they were nominally administered by an administrative office under the provincial government of Hainan.

Western reaction to the 2012 declaration of the Chinese government elevating the administrative status of Sansha was not positive. The United States Department of State called the change in the administrative status of the territory "unilateral", and the move has received criticism from nations engaged in the South China Sea dispute, particularly the Philippines and Vietnam.

The centre of government for Sansha is located on Woody Island (Yongxing Dao) in the Paracels, where about 1,000 Chinese (PRC) reside. With a land area of 210ha, Woody Island is the largest contiguous land area in the South China Sea. The total land area of Sansha, which includes the islands in the Paracel and Spratly groups, is less than 5 square miles (13 km). Nationally, Sansha is the smallest prefecture-level city, by both population and land area, but the largest by total area, and is also the southernmost prefecture-level city of the PRC.

By January 2016, work was well advanced on developing a military base with a large harbour and a 2,644 metres (8,675 ft) runway, with the reclaimed land covering 558 hectares (1,380 acres). A civilian test flight to the runway was conducted by a China Southern Airlines passenger jet on 13 July 2016. On 16 February 2016, the New York Times reported that China had deployed HQ‑9 surface‑to‑air missiles on the island.

In late 2016, photographs emerged which suggested that Mischief Reef was armed with anti-aircraft weapons and a CIWS missile-defence system. In May 2018, the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, a US think tank, said satellite images showed China had deployed new military weapon platforms to Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels.

See also

• Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
• South China Sea Islands
  • James Shoal
  • Macclesfield Bank
  • Paracel Islands
  • Scarborough Shoal
  • Spratly Islands
• Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
• Kalayaan, Palawan, Philippines
• Trường Sa, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam

Notes

1. Taipei, on the island of Taiwan, is slightly the smallest prefectural city by land area claimed by the PRC, but Taipei is administered by the Republic of China (ROC) as its special municipality.

References

1. "South China's Sansha City boasts improved infrastructure". Xinhua. 11 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
2. 三沙概览. sansha.gov.cn (in Simplified Chinese). Government of Sansha. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2015. not including the floating population of 2,000 and more; only residents are counted
3. ^ "China sets up Sansha City to administer South China Sea islands". Sina. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
4. ^ "China establishes Sansha City". Xinhua. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
5. "Sansha Travel Guide". www.travelchinaguide.com. Travel China. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
6. "Sansha garrison". China Daily. 7 July 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
7. ^ Lague, David (25 July 2012). "China's hawks gaining sway in South China sea dispute". Reuters. Hong Kong. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
8. Wong, Hiufu. "China to open disputed islands to tourism". CNN. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
9. "China Declares New 'City' On Tiny, Remote Island". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
10. ^ *"Philippines Slams China's Establishment of Sansha City in South China Sea". VOA. 23 July 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
    • "Vietnam, Philippines refuse to recognize China's Sansha district". WantChinaTimes.com. 25 July 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
    • Alexa Olesen (24 July 2012). "Sansha, China's New 'City', Strengthens Country's Foothold in Disputed Waters". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
    • "Vietnam, Philippines Slam Garrison Plans". China Digital Times (CDT). 24 July 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
    • Stephen Engle (15 August 2012). "Vietnam Protests China's Plans for Sansha City Garrison". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
11. ^ "China's Jurisdiction over the South China Sea". Beijing Review.
12. "Vietnam, China: The Dispute over Significant Waterways". Free Intelligence Reports. Stratfor. 4 December 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
13. "China approves military garrison for disputed islands". BBC News. 23 July 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
14. "Sansha government". Xinhua Net. 17 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
15. 2013国家统计局统计用区划代码. National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC, 2013. 2013.
16. "民政部关于国务院批准海南省三沙市设立市辖区的公告-中华人民共和国民政部". mca.gov.cn. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
17. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
18. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
19. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
20. "市情_三沙市人民政府网".
21. "China's Sansha Island draws world's largest companies". Xinhua. 24 November 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
22. "China's southernmost school opens inc". Xinhua. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
23. "First library opened in Sansha in South China Sea". Xinhua. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
24. "New desalinator put into use in China's Sansha". Xinhua. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
25. Flightradar24. "Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map". Flightradar24. Retrieved 28 March 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
26. "China Focus: South China islands see green transformation". news.xinhuanet.com. 30 July 2014. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
27. "Hà Nội và Sài Gòn biểu tình chống Trung Quốc" (in Vietnamese). Đài Á Châu Tự do. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
28. "Vietnam objects to China's establishment of San Sha city on the Hainan Island". Ministry of Foreign Affairs' spokesman Mr. Le Dzung answers questions on 3 December 2007. Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3 December 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
29. Symon, Andrew (20 December 2007). "China, Vietnam churn diplomatic waters". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
30. • For Vietnamese stated opposition, see "REFILE-PRESS DIGEST – Vietnam newspapers – 22 June". Reuters. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
    • For Philippines stated opposition, see "Philippines summons Chinese ambassador to protest Sansha city". Sina. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
31. "Victoria Nuland, Spokesperson: Daily Press Briefing, Washington, DC, July 24, 2012". United States Department of State. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
32. ^ "Senator Webb: China's military and governmental expansion into South China Sea might be a "Violation of International Law"". United States Senate. 25 July 2012. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
33. "China opposes US statement on S. China Sea". CCTV. 5 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
34. ^ Stirring up the South China Sea (II): Regional responses. Asia Report N°229. International Crisis Group. July 2012. p. 5. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
35. Pratas Island has an area of 240ha, but this includes a 60ha lagoon.
36. USA Today, Tiny island in South China Sea is stirring up tensions, Calum MacLeod, 12 July 2012
37. Alexa Olesen (Associated Press) (24 July 2012). "China dubs tiny island new city in sea claim bid". chron.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
38. "Airstrips near Completion". Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
39. "China conducts test flights on two new airports on Nansha Islands". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
40. Forsythe, Michael; Soble, Jonathan; Landler, Mark; Huang, Yufan; Li, Mia (17 February 2016). "Missiles Deployed on Disputed South China Sea Island, Officials Say". The New York Times. p. A6. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 February 2016.
41. "China's New Spratly Island Defenses". Center for Strategic and International Studies. 13 December 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

External links

• Sansha Government Archived 24 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Chinese)
• Administrative divisions of Hainan Province
• Hainan Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority
• Hainan Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority Woody Island Census Town
• Subdivision Information of the Hainan Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority
• US criticises China garrison
• Sansha City in China's South China Sea Strategy: Building a System of Administrative Control

v t e County-level divisions of Hainan
Haikou (capital)
Prefecture-level cities	Haikou Longhua Meilan Qiongshan Xiuying Sanya Jiyang Tianya Haitang Yazhou Sansha Xisha District Zhongsha* Nansha District Danzhou v t e Danzhou Chengqu Area* Nada town Heqing town Nanfeng town Dacheng town Yaxing town Lanyang town Guangcun town Dongcheng town Binhai Area* Sandou Subdistrict Mutang town Haitou town Eman town Wangwu town Baimajing town Zhonghe town Paipu town Xingzhou town * Not a formal administrative subdivision
Provincial administered	County-level cities Wuzhishan city Qionghai city Wenchang city Wanning city Dongfang city Counties Ding'an County Tunchang County Chengmai County Lingao County Autonomous counties Baisha County Changjiang County Ledong County Lingshui County Baoting County Qiongzhong County
Township-level divisions of Hainan Politics of Hainan

v t e Prefecture-level divisions of China
Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council
Provinces Anhui *Hefei Wuhu Bengbu Huainan Ma'anshan Huaibei Tongling Anqing Huangshan Chuzhou Fuyang Suzhou Lu'an Bozhou Chizhou Xuancheng Fujian *Fuzhou ★Xiamen Putian Sanming Quanzhou Zhangzhou Nanping Longyan Ningde Gansu *Lanzhou Jiayuguan Jinchang Baiyin Tianshui Wuwei Zhangye Pingliang Jiuquan Qingyang Dingxi Longnan Linxia (Hui) Gannan (Tibetan) Guangdong *★Guangzhou ★Shenzhen Shaoguan Zhuhai Shantou Foshan Jiangmen Zhanjiang Maoming Zhaoqing Huizhou Meizhou Yangjiang Shanwei Heyuan Qingyuan Dongguan Zhongshan Jieyang Yunfu Guizhou *Guiyang Liupanshui Zunyi Anshun Bijie Tongren Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao) Qiannan (Buyei and Miao) Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong) Hainan *Haikou Sanya Danzhou Sansha *Wuzhishan *Qionghai *Wenchang *Wanning *Dongfang *Ding'an County *Tunchang County *Chengmai County *Lingao County *Baisha County (Li) *Changjiang County (Li) *Ledong County (Li) *Lingshui County (Li) *Baoting County (Li and Miao) *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao) Hebei *Shijiazhuang ✧Tangshan Qinhuangdao Handan Xingtai Baoding Zhangjiakou "Kalgan" Chengde Cangzhou Langfang Hengshui Henan *Zhengzhou Kaifeng Luoyang Pingdingshan Anyang Hebi Xinxiang Jiaozuo Puyang Xuchang Luohe Sanmenxia Nanyang Shangqiu Xinyang Zhoukou Zhumadian *Jiyuan Hubei *★Wuhan Huangshi Shiyan Yichang Xiangyang Ezhou Jingmen Xiaogan Jingzhou Huanggang Xianning Suizhou Enshi (Tujia and Miao) *Xiantao *Qianjiang *Tianmen *Shennongjia Forestry District Heilongjiang *★Harbin Qiqihar Jixi Hegang Shuangyashan Daqing Yichun Jiamusi Qitaihe Mudanjiang Heihe Suihua Daxing'anling Prefecture Hunan *Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan Hengyang Shaoyang Yueyang Changde Zhangjiajie Yiyang Chenzhou Yongzhou Huaihua Loudi Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao) Jilin *★Changchun Jilin Siping Liaoyuan Tonghua Baishan Songyuan Baicheng Yanbian (Korean) Jiangsu *★Nanjing Wuxi Xuzhou Changzhou ✧Suzhou Nantong Lianyungang Huai'an Yancheng Yangzhou Zhenjiang Taizhou Suqian Jiangxi *Nanchang Jingdezhen Pingxiang Jiujiang Xinyu Yingtan Ganzhou Ji'an Yichun Fuzhou Shangrao Liaoning *★Shenyang ★Dalian Anshan Fushun Benxi Dandong Jinzhou Yingkou Fuxin Liaoyang Panjin Tieling Chaoyang Huludao Qinghai *Xining Haidong Haibei (Tibetan) Huangnan (Tibetan) Hainan (Tibetan) Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan) Yushu (Tibetan) Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan) Sichuan *★Chengdu Zigong Panzhihua Luzhou Deyang Mianyang Guangyuan Suining Neijiang Leshan Nanchong Meishan Yibin Guang'an Dazhou Bazhong Ziyang Ya'an Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang) Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan) Liangshan (Yi) Shaanxi *★Xi'an Tongchuan Baoji Xianyang Weinan Yan'an Hanzhong Yulin Ankang Shangluo Shandong *★Jinan ★Qingdao Zibo Zaozhuang Dongying Yantai Weifang Jining Tai'an Weihai Rizhao Linyi Dezhou Liaocheng Binzhou Heze Shanxi *Taiyuan Datong Yangquan Changzhi Jincheng Shuozhou Jinzhong Yuncheng Xinzhou Linfen Lüliang Taiwan *Taibei Gaoxiong Xinbei Taizhong Tainan Taoyuan Yunnan *Kunming Qujing Yuxi Baoshan Zhaotong Lijiang Pu'er Lincang Chuxiong (Yi) Honghe (Hani and Yi) Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao) Xishuangbanna (Dai) Dali (Bai) Dehong (Dai and Jingpo) Nujiang (Lisu) Dêqên (Tibetan) Zhejiang *★Hangzhou ★Ningbo ✧Wenzhou Jiaxing Huzhou Shaoxing Jinhua Quzhou Zhoushan Taizhou Lishui Autonomous regions Guangxi *Nanning Liuzhou Guilin Wuzhou Beihai Fangchenggang Qinzhou Guigang Yulin Baise Hezhou Hechi Laibin Chongzuo Ningxia *Yinchuan Shizuishan Wuzhong Guyuan Zhongwei Inner Mongolia *Hohhot ✧Baotou Wuhai Chifeng "Ulankhad" Tongliao Ordos Hulunbuir Bayannur "Bayannao'er" Ulanqab Hinggan League Xilingol League Alxa League "Ālāshàn League" Xinjiang *Ürümqi Karamay Turpan Hami Changji (Hui) Bortala (Mongol) Bayingolin (Mongol) Kizilsu (Kyrgyz) ( ☆Ili (Kazakh) Tacheng Prefecture Altay Prefecture ) Aksu Prefecture Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture Hotan Prefecture *Shihezi *Aral *Tumxuk *Wujiaqu *Beitun *Tiemenguan *Shuanghe *Kokdala *Kunyu *Huyanghe *Xinxing Tibet *Lhasa Shigatse "Xigazê" Chamdo "Qamdo" Nyingchi "Linzhi" Shannan Nagqu Ngari Prefecture
Direct-administered municipalities Beijing Tianjin Shanghai Chongqing Special administrative regions Hong Kong Macau
See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

• Sansha
• 2012 establishments in China
• States and territories established in 2012
• Prefecture-level divisions of Hainan