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Gau BadenGau Baden–Elsass
Gau of Nazi Germany
1925–1945
Flag Coat of arms
Gau Baden on the far left, bordering France in 1944
Capital	Karlsruhe (1933–40)Strasbourg (1940–45)
Government
Gauleiter
• 1925–1945	Robert Wagner
History
• Establishment	22 March 1925
• Disestablishment	8 May 1945
Preceded by Succeeded by Republic of Baden France Republic of Baden France
Today part of	France Germany

Part of a series on
Alsace
Rot un Wiss, traditional flag of Alsace
History Germania Superior (Pagus Alsatiae) (83–475) Alemanni (circa 213–496) Alamannia (3rd-century–911) Duchy of Alsace (circa 630–699) Treaty of Verdun (843) Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (982–1803) County of Ferrette (11th-century–14th-century) Salm (1165−1793) Landgraviate of Alsace (1186–1646) Lower Alsace Upper Alsace Further Austria (13th-century–1648) Décapole (1354–1679) County of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1456–1736) Upper Rhenish Circle (1500–1679) Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1918) Gau Baden-Elsaß (1940–1945) Alsace (1945–2016) Grand Est (2016–) European Collectivity of Alsace (2021-)
Culture Coat of arms Flag Anthem People Language Demographics Musée alsacien (Hagenau | Strasbourg)
Religionaccording to Concordat in Alsace-Moselle (1801): (including Lorraine) Catholic Church Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg (Immediately subject to the Holy See) (Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg) (Lorraine: Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz) Protestantism: Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine: Lutheranism: Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine Calvinism: Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine Jewish consistories: Strasbourg Colmar (Lorraine: Metz)
Law Local law in Alsace-Moselle Concordat in Alsace-Moselle
Administrative divisions Capital: Strasbourg Bas-Rhin (Unterelsaß) Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg Arrondissement of Molsheim Arrondissement of Saverne Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein Arrondissement of Strasbourg Haut-Rhin (Oberelsaß) Arrondissement of Altkirch Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé Arrondissement of Mulhouse Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller
Politics Regional Council of Alsace (1982–2015) Alsace independence movement Assembly of Alsace (2021-)
Alsace in the European Union European Parliament elections Constituency
Related topics Politics of France Politics of Germany Politics of the European Union
v t e

The Gau Baden, renamed Gau Baden–Alsace (German: Gau Baden-Elsaß) in March 1941, was a de facto administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the German state of Baden and, from 1940 onwards, in Alsace (German: Elsaß). Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.

History

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a Nazi Party conference on 22 May 1926 in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onward, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany. In 1940, after Germany occupied the French region of Alsace, Gau Baden incorporated the two Alsatian départements of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin, becoming Baden-Elsass. The seat of the Gau administration was originally Karlsruhe, but moved to Strasbourg after the German occupation of France.

At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War, with little interference from above. Local Gauleiters often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, the Volkssturm and the defense of the Gau.

The position of Gauleiter in Baden was held by Robert Wagner from March 1925 for the duration of the Gau's existence. Wagner was executed on 14 August 1946 in Strasbourg for his crimes during the occupation of Alsace. His deputies were Karl Lenz (1926–31), Walter Köhler (1931–33) and Hermann Röhn (1934–45).

The Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was located in the Alsace region of the Gau.

See also

• Gauliga Baden, the highest association football league in the Baden region of the Gau from 1933 to 1945
• Gauliga Elsaß, the highest association football league in the Alsace region of the Gau from 1940 to 1945

References

1. ^ "Die NS-Gaue" [The Nazi Gaue]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
2. ^ "Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945" [Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945]. zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
3. "The Organization of the Nazi Party & State". nizkor.org. The Nizkor Project. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
4. Michael D. Miller and Andreas Schulz (2012). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-1932970210.
5. "Gau Baden". verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2016.
6. "ROBERT WAGNER, GAULEITER, REICHSSTATTHALTER IN BADEN UND CHEF DER ZIVILVERWALTUNG IM ELSASS" [Robert Wagner, Gauleiter, Reichsstatthalter in Baden and chief of the civil administration of Alsace]. ns-ministerien-bw.de (in German). 12 December 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
7. "Natzweiler-Struthof" (PDF). yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2016.

External links

• Illustrated list of Gauleiter

v t e  Alsace topics
Administrative divisions	Bas-Rhin (Strasbourg) (Unterelsaß) Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg Arrondissement of Molsheim Arrondissement of Saverne Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein Arrondissement of Strasbourg Haut-Rhin (Colmar) (Oberelsaß) Arrondissement of Altkirch Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé Arrondissement of Mulhouse Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller
Language	Alsatian French
Culture	Coat of arms Flag Anthem People Demographics Kelsch Musée alsacien Hagenau Strasbourg
Politics	Regional council of Alsace (1982–2015) Alsace independence movement Grand Est (since 2016) European Collectivity of Alsace (since 2021) Assembly of Alsace (since 2021)
Religion (according to the 1801 Concordat in Alsace–Moselle, including Lorraine)	Catholic Church Archdiocese of Strasbourg Immediately subject to the Holy See (Lorraine: Diocese of Metz) Protestantism Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine Judaism History of the Jews in Alsace consistories
Sports	RC Strasbourg Alsace SIG Strasbourg SC Schiltigheim FC Sélestat Sélestat Alsace Handball FC Vendenheim Étoile Noire de Strasbourg Internationaux de Strasbourg Rallye de France Alsace Rallye Alsace-Vosges See also: Alsace de Bagnolet (Paris)
History	Germania Superior (Pagus Alsatiae) (83–475) Argentoratum Route Romane d'Alsace Alemanni (circa 213–496) Alamannia (3rd-century–911) Duchy of Alsace (circa 630–699) Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (982–1803) County of Ferrette (11th-century–14th-century) Salm (1165−1793) Landgraviate of Alsace (1186–1646) Lower Alsace Upper Alsace Further Austria (13th-century–1648) Décapole (1354–1679) County of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1456–1736) Upper Rhenish Circle (1500-1679) Left Bank of the Rhine (1814-1871) Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1918) Gau Baden-Elsaß (1940–1945) Alsace (1945–2016) Grand Est (2016–)

• States and territories established in 1925
• States and territories disestablished in 1945
• Nazi Gaue
• 1926 establishments in Germany
• 1945 disestablishments in Germany
• History of Alsace
• History of Baden