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The Abiru (Kinyarwanda: royal ritualists) are the members of the privy council of the monarchy of Rwanda. They emanate from the earliest pre-colonial Rwandan traditions, and are tied to the monarchy's mythic origins. They are oral repositories of the ubwiiru, an esoteric code of kingship. Due to the mythopoetic nature of accounts of the early history of the Abiru and the Rwandan monarchy, an accurate history of the Abiru is difficult to codify or study.

The council as a whole can be described as a priestly body that elects, advises and/or deposes Rwandan kings. Debate continues over the pre-colonial functions of the body, which makes definite statements on the subject speculatory at best.

The wider ethnic community that is traditionally expected to provide the membership of the council is also known as the Abiru. Both the council and this community are currently led by Boniface Benzinge.

An Excerpt From The Oral Records Of Rwanda

Kigwa (or The Fallen), a divine being, descended from Heaven and became the first Tutsi king. To establish his divinely ordained authority to rule and to legitimize his position and power, he subsequently created court musicians and ritualists that were to serve under him. These were the first abiru, and their council would go on to become the most important politico-religious institution in the kingdom that he left to his heirs.

Functions

The Abiru function as advisors to the king in political matters, and may or may not have a political role assigned to them. Their primary function as a group is to determine the continuing suitability of the king in terms of ritual and political function. Historically, the Abiru depose 'unworthy' kings and proclaim successors based on secretive ritual practices, acting as a fons honorum for Rwanda.

The chairman of the Royal Council of Abiru is the de facto prime minister of Rwanda's monarchy; the current incumbent served at the pleasure of Kigeli V, and now serves - along with the rest of the council - the reigning king-in-exile Emmanuel Bushayija, who was proclaimed Yuhi VI in 2017.

When thought of as an ethnic group, the class of elite families that has provided members of the Royal Council of Abiru for centuries on a hereditary basis is also referred to as Abiru. Although sometimes thought of as being a distinct community, the Abiru are traditionally considered to be part of the wider Tutsi ethnicity. A Burundian near-analogue would be the Ganwa.

Famous Abiru

• Alexis Kagame
• Boniface Benzinge

See also

• History of Rwanda
• Kingdom of Rwanda
• List of presidents of Rwanda
• Prime Minister of Rwanda

References

1. ^ p.50. Adekunle, Julius O. 2007. Culture and customs of Rwanda. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
2. History of Rwanda. GlobalSecurity.org

v t e Kings of Rwanda
1st Dynasty	Gihanga Kanyarwanda I Gahima I Yuhi I Musindi Rumeza Nyarume Rubanda Ndahiro I Ruyange Ndahiro Ndoba Ndahiro Samembe Nsoro I Samukondo Nsoro II Byinshi Ruganzu I Bwimba Cyilima I Rugwe
2nd Dynasty	Kigeli I Mukobanya Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi Yuhi wa II Gahima II Ndahiro II Cyamatare
3rd Dynasty (1650–1961)	Ruganzu II Ndoli Mutara I Nsoro III Semugeshi Kigeli II Nyamuheshera Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura Yuhi III Mazimpaka Kalemera Rwaka Cyilima II Rujugira Kigeli III Ndabarasa Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo Yuhi IV Gahindiro Mutara II Rwogera Kigeli IV Rwabugiri Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa Yuhi V Musinga Mutara III Rudahigwa Kigeli V Ndahindurwa
Pretenders (1961–present)	Kigeli V Ndahindurwa Yuhi VI

• Rwandan monarchy
• African traditional governments
• Nobility in Africa