Struve Geodetic Arc - Misplaced Pages

Meridian arc from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea

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Struve Geodetic Arc
The northernmost station of the Struve Geodetic Arc is located in Fuglenes, Norway.
Map of the Struve Geodetic Arc where red points identify the World Heritage Sites.
General information
Type	Ensemble of memorable sites
Location	Estonia, Belarus, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Moldova, Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Coordinates	59°3′28″N 26°20′16″E / 59.05778°N 26.33778°E / 59.05778; 26.33778
Opened	Geodetic Arc
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Struve Geodetic Arc
Criteria	ii, iii, vi
Reference	1187
Inscription	2005 (29th Session)

The Struve Geodetic Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over 2,820 kilometres (1,750 mi), which yielded the first accurate measurement of a meridian arc.

The chain was established and used by the German-born Russian scientist Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve in the years 1816 to 1855 to establish the exact size and shape of the earth. At that time, the chain passed merely through three countries: Norway, Sweden and the Russian Empire. The Arc's first point is located in Tartu Observatory in Estonia, where Struve conducted much of his research. Measurement of the triangulation chain comprises 258 main triangles and 265 geodetic vertices. The northernmost point is located near Hammerfest in Norway and the southernmost point near the Black Sea in Ukraine.

In 2005, the chain was inscribed on the World Heritage List, because of its importance in geodesy and its testimony to international scientific cooperation. The World Heritage site includes 34 commemorative plaques or built obelisks out of the original 265 main station points which are marked by drilled holes in rock, iron crosses, cairns, others. This inscription is located in ten countries, the second most of any UNESCO World Heritage after the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe.

The measurements of the 30° Meridian Arc in 1816–1852 as well the description of the geodesic, topographical, and map making works in the Balkans from the nineteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century by Russian Czarist Army was described in Astronomy, geodesy and map- drawing in Moldova since the middle ages till the World War I.

Chain

Results

Historical

At publication in 1858, the flattening of the earth was estimated at one part in 294.26. The earth's equatorial radius was estimated at 6,378,360.7 meters (20,926,380 ft).

In 2005, the work was repeated using satellite navigation. The new flattening estimate was one part in 298.257 222 101 and the equatorial radius was 6,378,136.8 metres (20,925,646 ft).

An earlier survey, in 1740, had given flattening at one part in 178 and an equatorial radius of 6,396,800 metres (20,986,900 ft).

Modern

Northernmost point: Hammerfest (Fuglenes): 70° 40' 11.23″ N

Southernmost point: Ismail (Staro-Nekrassowka): 45° 20' 02.94″ N

Difference in Geodetic Latitude: 25° 20' 08.29″

Distance in kilometres: 2,821.853 ± 0.012

References

^ Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, Oslo, Norway (2005), Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc (pamphlet)
^ "Struve Geodetic Arc". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
"Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
A. Găină, Astronomy, geodesy and map-drawing in Moldova since the middle ages till the World WarI, Serbian Astron. J., N.162 (2000), pp. 121–125

External links

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Links to related articles

v t e World Heritage Sites in Belarus
Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park (with Poland) Mir Castle Complex Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwiłł Family at Nesvizh Struve Geodetic Arc (with nine other countries)		Belarus portal

v t e World Heritage Sites in Estonia
Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn Struve Geodetic Arc (with nine other countries)

v t e World Heritage Sites in Finland
Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki Fortress of Suomenlinna The High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago (Kvarken, with Sweden) Old Rauma Petäjävesi Old Church Verla Groundwood and Board Mill Struve Geodetic Arc (with nine other countries)

v t e World Heritage Sites in Latvia
Old town of Kuldīga Historic Centre of Riga Struve Geodetic Arc (with nine other countries)

v t e World Heritage Sites in Lithuania
Curonian Spit (with Russia) Kernavė Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernavė) Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939 Struve Geodetic Arc (with nine other countries) Vilnius Historic Centre		Lithuania portal

v t e World Heritage Sites in Moldova
Struve Geodetic Arc (with nine other countries)

v t e World Heritage Sites in Norway
Northern	Rock Art of Alta Struve Geodetic Arc Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago	Flag of Norway
Trøndelag	Røros Mining Town
Western	Bryggen Urnes Stave Church West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord
Eastern	Rjukan–Notodden Industrial Heritage Site
Shared with nine other countries

v t e World Heritage Sites in Russia by federal district
Central	Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye Kremlin and Red Square Novodevichy Convent Trinity Sergius Lavra White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal Historic Centre of Yaroslavl
Far Eastern	Central Sikhote-Alin Lake Baikal Landscapes of Dauria Lena Pillars Volcanoes of Kamchatka Wrangel Island
North Caucasian	Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent Naryn-Kala
Northwestern	Curonian Spit Ferapontov Monastery Kizhi Pogost Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea Virgin Komi Forests Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Surroundings Peterhof Palace Solovetsky Islands Struve Geodetic Arc Kenozero
Siberian	Golden Mountains of Altai Lake Baikal Putorana Plateau Uvs Nuur Basin
Southern	Western Caucasus
Volga	Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of Sviyazhsk Bolghar Kazan Kremlin Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University
Shared with Mongolia Shared with Lithuania Shared with nine other countries

v t e World Heritage Sites in Sweden
For official site names, see each article or the List of World Heritage Sites in Sweden.
East	Birka and Hovgården Engelsberg Ironworks Royal Domain of Drottningholm Skogskyrkogården	Flag of Sweden
South	Agricultural landscape of southern Öland Hanseatic Town of Visby Naval Port of Karlskrona Rock Carvings in Tanum Grimeton Radio Station
North	Church Village of Gammelstad, Luleå Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland Gästgivars Jon-Lars Bommars Erik-Anders High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago Laponian area Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain, Falun Struve Geodetic Arc
Shared with Finland Shared with nine other countries

v t e World Heritage Sites in Ukraine
Cultural	Kyiv (Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra) Lviv - Ensemble of the Historic Centre Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans Struve Geodetic Arc Ancient City of Tauric Chersonese and its Chora Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region Historic Centre of Odesa	Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine
Natural	Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe	Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine
with Estonia, Belarus, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Moldova, Russia, and Sweden with Poland with Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland

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