Reich Security Head Office Referat IV B4, known as RSHA IV B4 (German: Eichmannreferat [de] IV D4 until March 1941, or Judenreferat), was a sub-department of Germany's Reich Security Head Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt or RSHA) and the Gestapo during the Holocaust. Led by SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann, RSHA IV B4 was responsible for "Jewish affairs and evacuation" in German-occupied Europe, and specifically for the deportation of Jews from outside Poland to concentration or extermination camps. Within Poland, the liquidation of the ghettos and transport of Jews was handled by the SS and local police departments.
The sub-department was a natural successor to the Central Office for Jewish Emigration which had initially been established by Eichmann in Vienna in August 1938. On 24 January 1939, the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration (Reichszentrale für jüdische Auswanderung) was established in Berlin by Hermann Göring with Reinhard Heydrich as chief. It was charged with the task of using all available means to prompt Jews to emigrate, and for establishing a Jewish organization that would incorporate all of German Jewry and co-ordinate emigration from the Jewish side. An office was subsequently opened in Prague.
Following a reorganization of the RSHA, in March 1941 Eichmann's office name and remit was changed from Group of countries IV D (Ländergruppe IV D) to Group of churches IV B (Kirchengruppe IV B), and was finally called Referat IV B 4. RSHA IV B4 managed the categorization of Jews, the imposition of anti-Jewish legislation in the country concerned, the eventual removal of Jews from that country, and their deportation to a camp and usually the gas chamber. Unit IV B4 was also in charge of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, which oversaw all Jewish organizations.
Jews were carried to the camps in freight trains that had to be booked and paid for. The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German state railway) charged a one-way fare for the deportees and a return fare for the guards. The RSHA was billed for trains carrying Jews.
Hierarchy
Memorial on bus stop outside Kurfürstenstraße 115/116, Berlin, 2009
Camps and deportation routes, German-occupied Europe, 1942
Due to its large size compared to other RSHA departments (which were housed in Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse), Unit IV B4 was based in Kurfürstenstraße 115/116, Berlin. The building was the former club and residential building of the Jewish Brotherhood and was managed by Eichmann's adjutant Rudolf Jaenisch.
The departmental hierarchy, according to Raul Hilberg, was:
- RSHA: led by Reinhard Heydrich until his death in June 1942, followed by Heinrich Himmler and Ernst Kaltenbrunner
- Amt IV (Gestapo): Heinrich Müller
- IV-B (Sects): Albert Hartl
- IV-B-4 (Jews) Adolf Eichmann
- IV-B-4-a (Evacuations): Rolf Günther
- General matters: Fritz Wöhrn
- Transport: Franz Novak
- "Single cases": Ernst Moes
- IV-B-4-b (Law): Friedrich Suhr, followed by Otto Hunsche
- Deputy: Otto Hunsche
- Finance and property: Richard Gutwasser
- Foreign areas: Friedrich Boßhammer
- IV-B-4-a (Evacuations): Rolf Günther
- IV-B-4 (Jews) Adolf Eichmann
- IV-B (Sects): Albert Hartl
- Amt IV (Gestapo): Heinrich Müller
IV B4 also had a large number of regional specialists who were deployed to various countries to assist with deportations - Anton Brunner, Dieter Wisliceny, Franz Abromeit, Siegfried Siedl, Hermann Krumey, Alois Brunner, Anton Burger, Theo Dannecker, and Hans Günther (who was the brother of Rolf Günther) being the principal figures.
References
Informational notes
- The Reichssicherheitshauptamt is variously translated in sources as "Reich Security Main Office", "Reich Main Security Office", "Reich Central Security Main Office", "Reich Security Central Office", "Reich Head Security Office", or "Reich Security Head Office".
Citations
- ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 425.
- ^ Longerich 2012, p. 470.
- Hilberg, Raul (1985). The Destruction of the European Jews. New York: Holmes & Meier. p. 160. ISBN 0-8419-0910-5.
- Wildt 2002, pp. 360–361.
- Longerich 2012, p. 477.
- Hilberg 2003, p. 428.
- Longerich 2012, p. 661.
- "Affidavit of Dieter Wisliceny".
Bibliography
- Hilberg, Raul (2003). The Destruction of the European Jews. Vol. II (3rd ed.). New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09587-2.
- Longerich, Peter (2012). Heinrich Himmler. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959232-6.
- Wildt, Michael (2002). Generation des Unbedingten. Das Führungskorps des Reichssicherheitshauptamtes. Hamburg: Hamburger Edition. ISBN 3-930908-75-1.
Further reading
- Hauff, Lisa (2012). Mahnort Kurfürstenstrasse 115/116: vom Brüdervereinshaus zum Dienstort Adolf Eichmanns. Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich. ISBN 978-3942271592