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Orenburg Oblast
Oblast
Оренбургская область
FlagCoat of arms
Coordinates: 52°08′N 55°36′E / 52.133°N 55.600°E / 52.133; 55.600
Country	Russia
Federal district	Volga
Economic region	Urals
Administrative center	Orenburg
Government
• Body	Legislative Assembly
• Governor	Denis Pasler
Area
• Total	123,702 km (47,762 sq mi)
• Rank	29th
Population
• Total	1,862,767 74.1% Russians 6.3% Tatars 5.8% Kazakhs 1.9% Bashkirs 1% Mordvins 0.9% Ukrainians 6.4% not stated
• Estimate	1,977,720
• Rank	24th
• Urban	59.7%
• Rural	40.3%
Time zone	UTC+5 (MSK+2 )
ISO 3166 code	RU-ORE
License plates	56, 156
OKTMO ID	53000000
Official languages	Russian
Website	http://www.orb.ru/

Orenburg Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkalov. As of the 2021 Census, the city has population of 1,862,767.

Geography

Orenburg Oblast's internal borders are with the republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan to the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast to the north-east, and with Samara and Saratov oblasts to the west. Orenburg Oblast also shares an international border with Kazakhstan to the east and south. The oblast is situated on the boundary between Europe and Asia. The majority of its territory lies west of the continental divide in European Russia and smaller sections in the east situated on the Asian side of the divide. The most important river of the oblast is the Ural and the largest lake Shalkar-Yega-Kara. Orenburg is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. The highest point of the oblast is the 668 m (2,192 ft)-high Nakas.

History

In the first half of the 18th century, the Russian Empire constructed the Irtysh line [ru], a series of 46 forts, including Orenburg, to prevent Kazakh and Dzungar nomads from raiding Russian territory.

Orenburg played a major role in Pugachev's Rebellion (1773–1774), the largest peasant revolt in Russian history.

During the Russian Civil War, the region was heavily affected by the Russian famine of 1921–1922.

During World War II in 1941, the command and staff of the newly formed Polish Anders' Army was based in Buzuluk, and in 1942, the First Czechoslovak Independent Field Battalion was based there. Both formations afterwards fought against Nazi Germany.

On 26 May 2024, a Ukrainian drone attacked the Voronezh M long-range radar station near Orsk.

Administrative divisions

Demographics

Population: 1,862,767 (2021 Census); 2,033,072 (2010 Census); 2,179,551 (2002 Census); 2,174,459 (1989 Soviet census).

Ethnic composition (2021)

Vital statistics for 2022:

• Births: 16,216 (8.4 per 1,000)
• Deaths: 25,590 (13.3 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):
1.46 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 68.21 years (male — 63.91, female — 72.48)

Settlements

Largest cities or towns in Orenburg Oblast 2010 Russian Census
	Rank		Administrative Division	Pop.
Orenburg Orsk	1	Orenburg	Orenburgsky District	548,331	Novotroitsk Buzuluk
	2	Orsk	City of oblast significance of Orsk	239,800
	3	Novotroitsk	Town of oblast significance of Novotroitsk	98,173
	4	Buzuluk	Buzuluksky District	82,904
	5	Buguruslan	Buguruslansky District	49,741
	6	Gay	Gaysky District	38,301
	7	Sorochinsk	Sorochinsky District	29,249
	8	Sol-Iletsk	Sol-Iletsky District	28,377
	9	Mednogorsk	Town of oblast significance of Mednogorsk	27,292
	10	Kuvandyk	Kuvandyksky District	26,169

Religion

As of a 2012 survey, 40.2% of the population of Orenburg Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% declare themselves to be generic nondenominational Christians (excluding the Protestant definition), 2% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to any church or belong to non-Russian Orthodox churches. Muslims constitute 13% of the population. 3% of the population are followers of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), 6.8% are followers of other religions or did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 20% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" and 12% to be atheist.

Economy

Orenburg Oblast is one of the major agricultural areas of Russia. Its climate is favorable to farming with a humid spring, dry summer and many sunny days, which make perfect conditions for cultivating hard wheat and rye, sunflowers, potatoes, peas, beans, corn, and gourds.

The range of the oblast's export commodities includes oil and oil products, gas and gas produced products, rolled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, nickel, asbestos, chromium compounds, rough copper, electric engines, and radiators, which are used to make products from the machine-building industry.

See also

• Ashchebutak (air base)
• List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast
• Black Dolphin Prison

Notes

1. Russian: Оренбургская область, romanized: Orenburgskaja oblastj, IPA: [ɐrʲɪnˈburkskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]
2. Russian: Чкаловская область, romanized: Čkalovskaja oblastj, IPA: [ˈtɕkaɫəfskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]

References

1. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
2. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
3. Official website of Orenburg Oblast. Governor of Orenburg Oblast (in Russian)
4. "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
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10. Google Earth
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14. "Ukraine Strikes Russian Early-Warning System in Orenburg – Report". The Moscow Times. 27 May 2024.
15. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
16. Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (in Russian).
17. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики . 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
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20. "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
21. Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
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External links

• Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). "Orenburg (government)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). p. 252.

v t e Places adjacent to Orenburg Oblast
Bashkortostan,  Chelyabinsk Oblast and  Tatarstan  Samara Oblast  Orenburg Oblast Kostanay Province,  Kazakhstan West Kazakhstan Province,  Kazakhstan Aktobe Province,  Kazakhstan

• Orenburg Oblast
• States and territories established in 1934
• 1934 establishments in Russia