List of freshwater fish of Russia includes species of freshwater fish found in Russian Federation, and includes those introduced.
Acipenseriformes
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
- Acipenser
- Acipenser baerii — Siberian sturgeon
- Acipenser gueldenstaedtii — Russian sturgeon
- Acipenser mikadoi — Sakhalin sturgeon
- Acipenser nudiventris — Fringebarbel sturgeon
- Acipenser persicus — Persian sturgeon
- Acipenser ruthenus — Sterlet
- Acipenser schrenckii — Japanese sturgeon
- Acipenser stellatus — Starry sturgeon
- Acipenser sturio — European sea sturgeon
- Huso
Polyodontidae (Paddlefishes)
- Polyodon
- Polyodon spathula — American paddlefish; North American species, acclimatized
Clupeiformes
Clupeidae (Herring, shads, sardines, and menhadens))
- Alosa (River herrings)
- Clupeonella
Salmoniformes
Salmonidae
Subfamily Salmoninae
- Brachymystax (Lenoks)
- Hucho
- Oncorhynchus (Pacific salmon and Pacific trout)
- Oncorhynchus gorbuscha — Pink salmon, humpback salmon
- Oncorhynchus keta — Chum salmon, dog salmon, keta salmon, silverbrite salmon
- Oncorhynchus kisutch — Coho salmon, silver salmon, silvers
- Oncorhynchus masou — masu salmon, cherry salmon, Japanese salmon, seema
- Oncorhynchus mykiss — Rainbow trout
- Oncorhynchus nerka — Sockeye salmon, red salmon, blueback salmon, kokanee
- Oncorhynchus tshawytscha — Chinook salmon
- Salmo
- Salvelinus (Char)
- Salvelinus albus — White char
- Salvelinus alpinus — Arctic char
- Salvelinus andriashevi — Chukot char
- Salvelinus boganidae — Boganida char
- Salvelinus czerskii — Cherskii's char
- Salvelinus drjagini — Dryagin's char
- Salvelinus elgyticus — Small-mouth char
- Salvelinus jacuticus — Yakutian char
- Salvelinus kronocius
- Salvelinus lepechini
- Salvelinus leucomaenis — Whitespotted char
- Salvelinus levanidovi
- Salvelinus malma — Dolly Varden trout
- Salvelinus neiva — Neiva
- Salvelinus schmidti
- Salvelinus taimyricus
- Salvelinus taranetzi — Taranets char
- Salvelinus tolmachoffi — Lake Yessey char
- Salvethymus
Subfamily Coregoninae
- Coregonus (Whitefishes)
- Coregonus albula — Vendace
- Coregonus autumnalis — Arctic cisco
- Coregonus baicalensis
- Coregonus chadary — Khadary whitefish
- Coregonus laurettae — Bering cisco
- Coregonus lavaretus — common whitefish, European whitefish; lavaret
- Coregonus migratorius — Omul
- Coregonus muksun — Muksun
- Coregonus nasus — Broad whitefish
- Coregonus peled — Peled
- Coregonus sardinella — Sardine cisco
- Coregonus tugun — Tugun
- Coregonus ussuriensis — Amur whitefish
- Prosopium
- Stenodus
Subfamily Thymallinae
- Thymallus (Graylings)
- Thymallus arcticus — Arctic grayling
- Thymallus baicalensis — Baikal black grayling
- Thymallus brevipinnis — Baikal white grayling
- Thymallus brevirostris — Mongolian grayling
- Thymallus burejensis — Bureya grayling
- Thymallus flavomaculatus — Yellow-spotted grayling
- Thymallus grubii — Amur grayling
- Thymallus mertensii
- Thymallus pallasii — East Siberian grayling
- Thymallus svetovidovi — Upper Yenisei grayling
- Thymallus thymallus — Grayling
- Thymallus tugarinae — Lower Amur grayling
Osmeriformes
Osmeridae (Freshwater smelts, typical smelts)
Esociformes
Esocidae (Pikes)
Umbridae (Mudminnows)
Anguilliformes
Anguillidae (Freshwater eels)
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
- Abbottina (False gudgeons)
- Abramis
- Acanthorhodeus (Spiny bitterlings)
- Acheilognathus (Bitterlings)
- Alburnoides (Bleaks)
- Alburnus (Bleaks)
- Aphyocypris
- Aspius
- Ballerus (Breams)
- Barbus (Typical barbels and barbs)
- Blicca
- Carassius
- Chanodichthys
- Chondrostoma (Nases)
- Ctenopharyngodon
- Culter
- Cyprinus (Typical carps)
- Elopichthys
- Gnathopogon
- Gobio (Typical gudgeons)
- Gobiobotia
- Hemibarbus
- Hemiculter
- Hypophthalmichthys
- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix — Silver carp
- Hypophthalmichthys nobilis — Bighead carp; Chinese species, introduced into Amur River basin, acclimatized in European part of Russia
- Ladislavia
- Leucaspius
- Leuciscus (Eurasian daces)
- Luciobarbus
- Megalobrama
- Microphysogobio
- Mylopharyngodon
- Ochetobius
- Ochetobius elongatus, introduced into Lake Khanka
- Opsariichthys
- Oreoleuciscus
- Parabramis
- Pelecus
- Petroleuciscus
- Phoxinus
- Plagiognathops
- Pseudaspius
- Pseudorasbora
- Rhodeus (Bitterlings)
- Rhynchocypris
- Romanogobio
- Rutilus (Roaches)
- Sarcocheilichthys
- Saurogobio
- Scardinius (Rudds)
- Squalidus
- Squaliobarbus
- Squalius (European chubs)
- Tinca
- Tribolodon
- Vimba
- Xenocypris
Catostomidae (Suckers)
- Catostomus
- Ictiobus (Buffalo fish)
- Ictiobus bubalus — Smallmouth buffalo; North American species, acclimatized
- Ictiobus cyprinellus — Bigmouth buffalo; North American species, acclimatized
- Ictiobus niger — Black buffalo; North American species, acclimatized
Nemacheilidae (Stone loaches)
Cobitidae (True loaches)
- Cobitis (Typical spiny loaches)
- Misgurnus (Weatherfishes, weather loaches)
- Sabanejewia (Golden loaches)
Botiidae
Siluriformes
Siluridae
Bagridae (Naked catfishes, bagrid catfishes)
Ictaluridae
- Ameiurus
- Ameiurus nebulosus — Brown bullhead; North American species, acclimatized
- Ictalurus
- Ictalurus punctatus — Channel catfish; North American species, acclimatized
Beloniformes
Adrianichthyidae (Ricefishes)
- Oryzias
- Oryzias latipes — Japanese ricefish; acclimatized in Krasnodar Krai
Cyprinodontiformes
Poeciliidae
- Gambusia (Mosquitofishes)
- Gambusia holbrooki — Eastern mosquitofish; acclimatized in Krasnodar Krai; some populations are reported from central Russia
- Poecilia
- Poecilia reticulata — Guppy; self-replicating populations are reported from Moskva River and Volga River
Gadiformes
Lotidae (Rocklings)
Gasterosteiformes
Gasterosteidae (Sticklebacks)
Syngnathiformes
Syngnathidae
- Syngnathus (Seaweed pipefish)
Perciformes
Percichthyidae (Temperate perches)
- Siniperca
- Siniperca chuatsi — Mandarin fish, Chinese perch
Moronidae (Temperate basses)
- Morone
- Morone saxatilis — Striped bass; North American species, acclimatized in Krasnodar Krai
Centrarchidae
- Micropterus (Black basses)
- Micropterus salmoides — Largemouth black bass; North American species, acclimatized
Percidae
- Gymnocephalus (Ruffes)
- Perca (Perches)
- Percarina
- Sander
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
- Oreochromis
- Oreochromis mossambicus — Mozambique tilapia; African species, acclimatized in Krasnodar Krai
Odontobutidae (Freshwater sleepers)
Gobiidae (Gobies)
- Acanthogobius
- Babka
- Benthophilus (Tadpole-gobies, pugolovkas)
- Caspiosoma
- Chaenogobius
- Gymnogobius
- Hyrcanogobius
- Hyrcanogobius bergi — Volga dwarf goby; the smallest Russian fish
- Knipowitschia
- Mesogobius
- Neogobius
- Pomatoschistus
- Ponticola
- Proterorhinus
- Rhinogobius
- Tridentiger (Tripletooth gobies)
Channidae (Snakeheads)
Scorpaeniformes
Cottidae (Cottids)
Cottocomephoridae (Bighead sculpins, Baikal sculpins)
This entire family is mostly endemic to Russia, where it found in Lake Baikal and surrounding lakes and rivers.
Comephoridae
This entire family is endemic to Russia, Lake Baikal.
- Comephorus (Golomyankas, Baikal oilfish)
Abyssocottidae (Deep-water sculpins)
This entire family is endemic to Russia, Lake Baikal.