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Islands of Refreshment
1811–1816
Flag
Status	Unrecognised state
Capital	Reception
Official languages	English
Government
• Leader	Jonathan Lambert
History
• Declared	February 4, 1811
• Death of Lambert	May 17, 1812
• Annexed to Cape Colony by United Kingdom	August 14, 1816
Area
• Total	207 km (80 sq mi)
Membership	4 (1811)
Currency	Spanish dollar
Succeeded by Cape Colony

Islands of Refreshment was the name given to Tristan da Cunha by its self-proclaimed ruler, Jonathan Lambert, in 1811.

History

In the early 19th century American whalers frequented the neighboring waters and, on December 27, 1810, the Boston ship Baltic put ashore an American named Jonathan Lambert "late of Salem, mariner and citizen thereof" along with one Thomas Currie or Tomasso Corri in his employ, and a third man named Williams. These three were the first permanent inhabitants of Tristan, and they were soon joined by a fourth, Andrew Millet.

Lambert declared himself sovereign and sole possessor of the island group "grounding my right and claim on the rational and sure ground of absolute occupancy". He renamed the main island "Island of Refreshment", Inaccessible Island "Pintard Island" and Nightingale Island "Lovel Island". Five months after arriving, Lambert, Williams and Millet drowned while fishing on May 17, 1812. Currie was joined, however, by two other men, and the three busied themselves growing vegetables, wheat and oats, and breeding pigs.

During the War of 1812, the islands were used as a base by American cruisers sent to prey on British merchant ships. This and other considerations urged by Lord Charles Henry Somerset, then-governor of Cape Colony in South Africa, led the British government to annex the islands as dependencies of the Cape Colony. The formal proclamation of annexation was made on August 14, 1816, partly as a measure to ensure the French could not use the islands as a base for a rescue operation to free the deposed Napoleon I of France from his prison on Saint Helena.

References

1. Fichter, James (December 2008). "The British Empire and the American Atlantic on Tristan da Cunha, 1811–16". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 36 (4): 567–589. doi:10.1080/03086530802560984. ISSN 0308-6534. S2CID 159678218.
2. Boston Gazette, July 18, 1811
3. "Tristan d'Acunha, etc.: Jonathan Lambert, late Sovereign thereof". Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. 4 (21): 280–285. December 1818.

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