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| Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko Григорій Квітка-Основ'яненко | |
|---|---|
 Kvitka-Osnovianenko, c. 1810 | |
| Born | Hryhorii Fedorovych Kvitka 18 November [O.S. 29 November] 1778 Osnova [uk], Sloboda Ukraine Governorate, Russian Empire (now within Kharkiv, Ukraine) |
| Died | 8 August [O.S. 20 August] 1843 (aged 64) Kharkiv, Russian Empire |
| Resting place | Goncharivka [uk], Kharkiv |
| Pen name | Hrytsko Osnovianenko (Грицько Основ'яненко) |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Language | |
| Citizenship | Russian Empire |
| Genre | Fable, tale, short story, dramatic works |
| Relatives | Fedir Kvitka (father) Andriy Kvitka [uk] (brother) |
| Signature | |
 | |
Hryhorii Fedorovych Kvitka-Osnovianenko (Ukrainian: Григорій Федорович Квітка-Основ'яненко; 29 November 1778 – 20 August 1843) was a Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright. Founder of Ukrainian classicist prose. He was born in the vicinity of Kharkiv.
Life and work
Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko was born in 1778 in the village of Osnova [uk], Sloboda Ukraine Governorate (now within the city of Kharkiv), to a family of Ukrainian nobility. He adopted the pen name "Osnovianenko," a reference to the village of his birth, when he embarked on his literary career.
In 1812, Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko begins his social activities. He was appointed the director of a new regular lay theatre open in Kharkiv. Kvitka-Osnovianenko carried his love to theatre through all his life. Later this feeling made him write theatre drama works. In 1841, he wrote his marvellously interesting "Kharkiv Theatre History".
Kvitka-Osnovianenko was one of the earliest proponents of Ukrainian as a literary language and began publishing in the first Ukrainian literary journals printed in Kharkiv in the early 19th century. Like most of his contemporaries in the Ukrainian literary scene, he also wrote in Russian. He corresponded respectfully with Taras Shevchenko, keeping up constantly with literary life. He was a friend of Nikolai Gogol, and it is possible that Gogol's play The Government Inspector was inspired by Kvitka-Osnovianenko's satiric drama The Visitor from the Capitol or Turmoil in a District Town, which has a very similar plot and cast of characters.
His Ukrainian-language works were mostly burlesque and satirical in nature, but he also wrote more serious prose, such as his sentimental novella Marusia. He started Ukrainian classicist prose with the novella Marusia. According to his own statement about the novella, he wrote it "to prove to one unbeliever that something gentle and touching can be written in the Ukrainian language."
He also tried his hand at the gothic genre with his "Dead Man’s Easter" (1834).
Historical Novels
From the historical works of interest are the “Historical and Statistical Outline of Slobozhanshchyna” (1838), “On the Sloboda Regiments”, “Ukrainians” (1841) and “History of the Theater in Kharkiv” (1841).
In the 1830s, Kvitka composed a fantastic lyrical story about the founding of the city of Kharkiv in the middle of the 17th century with his ancestor Andriy Kvitka. This story, published in his collected works, is not supported by any source and has never been seriously considered by any historian.
The most famous works
- «Конотопська відьма» (The Witch of Konotop) (1833)
- «Маруся» (Marusia) (1832)
- «Салдацький патрет» (Soldier's Portrait) (1833)
- «Сватання на Гончарівці» (The Courtship at Honcharivka) (1835)
- «Пан Халявський» (Mr. Khalyavsky) (1839)
- «Сердешна Оксана» (Hearty Oksana) (1841)
- «Козир-дівка» (The Trump Girl) (1838)
- «Ганнуся» (Hannusya) (1839)
- «Шельменко-волосний писар» (Shelmenko-volost clerk) (1829)
Film adaptations
Films based on his works:
- The Courtship at Goncharivka (1958)
- Shelmenko the Myrmidon (1910, 1911, 1957)
- Shelmenko the Myrmidon (1971)
- The Witch (1990, 2 a; based on the story "The Witch of Konotop")
Documentary films about Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko
- "Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko" (1979)
- "Kvitka-Osnovianenko" (1988)
Critical reception
Kvitka-Osnovianenko's literary achievement has tended to be a polarizing subject for critics of Ukrainian culture. On the one hand, as one of the first popular writers to use the Ukrainian language, he is viewed a founding figure of Ukrainian literature. On the other hand, many prominent Ukrainian scholars, including Ivan Franko, Mykola Zerov, and Dmytro Chyzhevsky, viewed his work as reactionary and conservative and were skeptical of the sentimental, pastoral image that he painted of Ukraine and Ukrainians.
See also
References
- ^ "Ukraine - The arts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- Smoliĭ V. A.; Onoprii︠e︡nko Oksana (2001). Golden book of Ukrainian elite. Kompanii︠a︡ "I︠E︡vroimidz︠h︡". ISBN 978-966-7867-11-9. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1973. ISBN 978-0-85229-173-3. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- kharkov.vbelous.net/english/famous/fam-art/kvitka.htm
- ^ Shkandrij Myroslav (9 October 2001). Russia and Ukraine: Literature and the Discourse of Empire from Napoleonic to Postcolonial Times. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-7735-2234-3. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- ^ Terras Victor (25 July 1990). Handbook of Russian Literature. Yale University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-300-04868-1. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- Peace Richard (30 April 2009). The Enigma of Gogol: An Examination of the Writings of N. V. Gogol and Their Place in the Russian Literary Tradition. Cambridge University Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-0-521-11023-5. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- Potichnyj Peter J. (1992). Ukraine and Russia in Their Historical Encounter. CIUS Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-920862-84-1. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- Krys Svitlana, Between Comedy and Horror: The Gothic in Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko’s Dead Man’s Easter (1834). Slavic and East European Journal (SEEJ) 55.3 (Fall 2011): 341-358
Categories:
- Writers from Kharkiv
- Dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire
- Ukrainian dramatists and playwrights
- Ukrainian satirists
- Ukrainian people in the Russian Empire
- Short story writers from the Russian Empire
- Novelists from the Russian Empire
- Journalists from the Russian Empire
- Satirists from the Russian Empire
- 1778 births
- 1843 deaths