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Ernst Biberstein
Biberstein's mugshot after his indictment for the Nuremberg Military Tribunal (July 1947)
Birth name	Ernst Schzymanowski
Born	(1899-02-15)15 February 1899 Hilchenbach, Province of Westphalia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died	8 December 1986(1986-12-08) (aged 87) Neumünster, Schleswig-Holstein, West Germany
Allegiance	German Empire  Nazi Germany
Service / branch	Schutzstaffel
Years of service	1917–1919 1936–1945
Rank	SS-Obersturmbannführer
Unit	Einsatzgruppe C
Commands	Einsatzkommando 6

Ernst Emil Heinrich Biberstein (or Bieberstein) (15 February 1899 – 8 December 1986) was an SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel), member of the SD and commanding officer of Einsatzkommando 6. He was born Ernst Schzymanowski or Szymanowski.

Early life

Ernst Biberstein was born Ernst Szymanowski in Hilchenbach, Province of Westphalia. His early education was at Mülheim. He was a private in World War I from March 1917 to 1919. Upon discharge, he studied theology from March 1919 through 1921 and became a Protestant pastor on 28 December 1924. In 1935 he entered the Reichskirchenministerium [de] and was later transferred to the Reichssicherheitshauptamt.

Nazism

Biberstein joined the Nazi Party in 1926 and the SS on 13 September 1936 (membership number 272692). From March through October 1940 he was again a soldier. In 1941, he changed his name from Szymanowski to Biberstein. On 1 June 1941, Biberstein became head of the Gestapo office in Opole. There, he was complicit in the deportations of Jews. The same year he changed his surname from Szymanowski to the supposedly original name Biberstein. After the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, he was assigned command of Einsatzkommando 6 in June 1942.

Nuremberg and later life

Biberstein was a defendant at the Einsatzgruppen Trial during the Nuremberg Trials. His trial began in September 1947 and ended on 9 April 1948. At his arraignment, along with all other defendants, he pleaded not guilty on all charges. Einsatzkommando 6 was charged with having executed some two to three thousand people. It was brought to light that at Rostow, Biberstein had personally supervised the execution of some 50 to 60 people. The victims were stripped of valuable articles (and partially of clothes), gassed, and left in a mass grave. He was also present at executions where victims were made to kneel at the edge of a pit and killed with a submachine gun.

Biberstein was ultimately found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. His sentence was reviewed by the "Peck Panel", and later commuted to life imprisonment in 1951. Biberstein was denied parole several times. In 1958, the Federal Foreign Office filed parole applications on the behalf of all four inmates still serving time in Landsberg Prison. Biberstein was denied parole, but the board unanimously voted for his life sentence and that of the other three to be commuted to time served. The commutations became official on 6 May 1958, and Biberstein was released three days later. He temporarily returned to the clergy, and died in 1986 in Neumünster.

In media

Biberstein was portrayed in the 1978 NBC Holocaust television miniseries by Edward Hardwicke.

References

1. "Biberstein Ernst (alias Scymanowsky)". www.tenhumbergreinhard.de. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
2. Maguire, Peter (2010-03-04). Law and War: International Law and American History. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51819-2.

External links

• Eidesstattliche Erklärung, Dokument NO-4314 from NS-Archiv
• The Einsatzgruppen Case Part I from the University of the West of England
• Biberstein photograph

• 1899 births
• 1986 deaths
• 20th-century German Lutheran clergy
• People from Hilchenbach
• Nazi Party politicians
• SS-Obersturmbannführer
• German Army personnel of World War I
• German police chiefs
• German police officers convicted of crimes against humanity
• German prisoners sentenced to death
• Gestapo personnel
• People from the Province of Westphalia
• Einsatzgruppen personnel
• Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
• Holocaust perpetrators in Ukraine
• Holocaust perpetrators in Russia
• People sentenced to death by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals
• German people of Polish descent