| Yurba | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Jōrabba |
| Affiliation | Shamish, Adonai, Yao |
| Abode | World of Light |
| Texts | Mandaean Book of John chapter 52 |
In Mandaeism, Yurba or Yorabba (Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡅࡓࡁࡀ, romanized: Iurba) is an uthra (angelic or celestial being). Lidzbarski (1905, 1920) spells his name as spelled Jōrabba. Yurba, who is also called the fighter, is identified with Shamish, the sun. In Mandaean texts, Yurba is often mentioned as engaging in conversation with Ruha. Gelbert (2013) also suggests that Yurba alludes to the historical Rabbula, a 5th-century bishop of Edessa.
Book 18 of the Right Ginza equates Yurba with Adonai of Judaism, while Gelbert (2017) identifies Yurba with Yao. He is mentioned in Right Ginza 3, 5.3 (which mentions Yurba as a matarta guardian), 8, 12.1, 15.5, and 18 and Left Ginza 2.22 and 3.45. Mandaean Book of John chapter 52 is a narrative dedicated to Yurba.
Etymology
Yurba (Yorbā) is a portmanteau of Yao and Rba (Rabba), which means 'great'.
Qmaha ḏ-Iurba
The Qmaha ḏ-Iurba (Qmaha of Yurba") is an amulet scroll that invokes Yurba for protection. Manuscripts include:
- MS DC 43h, copied by Iahia Bihram br Adam Iuhana in the marshlands in 1272 A.H. (1855-6 A.D.)
- MS DC 18, copied by Sheikh Faraj (Adam br Iahia br Adam Zihrun) for E. S. Drower in Baghdad in 1355 A.H. (1935 A.D.).
- MS CS 27: 8a-10a (undated, probably 19th century)
- MS RRC 1F, copied by Mhatam Iuhana br Ram Zihrun br Sam k. ‘Aziz l. kupašia udurašiẖ in 1286 A.H. (1869-70 A.D.)
See also
References
- ^ Gelbert, Carlos (2013). The Mandaeans and the Christians in the time of Jesus Christ: enemies from the first days of the church. Fairfield, N.S.W.: Living Water Books. ISBN 978-0-9580346-4-7. OCLC 853508149.
- Haberl, Charles and McGrath, James (2020). The Mandaean Book of John: critical edition, translation, and commentary. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-048651-3. OCLC 1129155601.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Gelbert, Carlos (2011). Ginza Rba. Sydney: Living Water Books. ISBN 9780958034630.
- ^ Gelbert, Carlos (2017). The Teachings of the Mandaean John the Baptist. Fairfield, NSW, Australia: Living Water Books. ISBN 9780958034678. OCLC 1000148487.
- Häberl, Charles (2022). The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-80085-627-1.
- Morgenstern, Matthew (ed.). "Qmaha ḏ-Iurba". The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
| Angels in Abrahamic religions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angels in Judaism |
| ||||
| Angels in Christianity |
| ||||
| Angels in Islam |
| ||||
| Uthras (angels) in Mandaeism |
| ||||
| Related | |||||
| In culture | |||||