| Six Abodes of Murugan | |
|---|---|
| Āṟupaṭaīvīṭukaḷ | |
 Painting of Murugan, c. 1930.
  ThiruparankundramTiruchendurPalaniSwamimalaiTiruttaniPazhamudircholaiclass=notpageimage| The Six Temples' location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| Deity | Murugan (Kartikeya) |
| Festivals | |
| Location | |
| Location | Thiruparankundram, Tiruchendur, Palani, Swamimalai, Tiruttani, Pazhamudircholai |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Dravidian architecture |
| Temple(s) | 6 |
The Six Abodes of Murugan (Tamil: ஆறுபடைவீடுகள், romanized: Āṟupaṭaīvīṭukaḷ) are six temples situated in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India, dedicated to the Hindu deity Murugan. These six sacred abodes of Murugan are mentioned in Tamil Sangam literature, in the texts of Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai, written by Nakkīraṉãr, and in Tiruppukaḻ, written by Arunagirinathar. The six abodes are Thiruparankundram, Tiruchendur, Palani, Swamimalai, Tiruttani, and Pazhamudircholai.
Legend
The legend of Murugan is described in the Skanda Puranam, the Tamil iteration of the Skanda Purana. According to the text, the asura Surapadman drove the devas out of Svarga, and the latter sought the assistance of the deities Vishnu and Brahma. They assigned Kamadeva to disturb Shiva from his penance and fall in love with Parvati, and the couple later gave birth to Murugan. Murugan is anointed as the commander of the devas, and went on to slay Surapadman in battle, restoring Svarga to the devas. Murugan married the goddesses Valli and Devasena after the war, an event that is regarded to have occurred at Tiruchendur.
In Tamil literature, five types of land are explained. These are the Kurinji (mountainous region), Mullai (forest region), Marutham (agricultural region), Neithal (coastal region) and Palai (desert region). Various deities are designated as the patron gods of these regions in Sangam literature. According to these texts, Murugan is the deity of the Kurinji region.
Religious importance
Arunagirinathar was a 15th-century Tamil poet born in Tiruvannamalai. According to regional tradition, he spent his early years as a rioter and seducer of women. After ruining his health, he tried to commit suicide by throwing himself from the northern tower of Annamalaiyar Temple, but was saved by the grace of god Murugan. He became a staunch devotee and composed Tamil hymns glorifying Murugan, the most notable being Tiruppugaḻ. Arunagirinathar visited various Murugan temples and on his way back to Tiruvannamalai, visited Palani and sung praises about Swaminathaswamy. Tiruparamkundram is considered the first of the six abodes. This is the only temple where the abhishekam is performed for the divine spear called vel instead of Murugan. Palani,Tiruchendur are considered the most prominent abodes of Murugan.
Practices
One of the main traditions of the six temples, is the tonsuring of devotees, who vow to discard their hair in imitation of the Palani deity. Another is the anointing of the head of the presiding deity's idol with sandalwood paste, at night, prior to the temple being closed for the day. The paste, upon being allowed to stay overnight, is said to acquire medicinal properties, and is much sought after and distributed to devotees, as rakkāla chandaṇam. A commonly followed worship practice involves devotees wearing ochre clothes and carrying a kavadi, an ornamental mount decked with flowers, glazed paper, and tinsel work, on foot for long distances.
List
| Temple | Original name | Location | Picture | Description |
| Arulmigu Subramaniyaswamy Temple, Thiruparankundram | Tenparangunram
தென்பரங்குன்றம் Teṉparaṅkuṉṟam |
Thiruparankundram, Madurai district | .jpg) |
Located on the outskirts of Madurai, on a hillock where Murugan is said to have married Indra's adopted daughter, Devasena. Nakkeerar is regarded to have worshipped Murugan in this shrine and is said to have worshipped Shiva here as Parangirinathar. This is the first of the Arupadaiveedu. |
| Arulmigu Subramanya Swami Temple, Tiruchendur | Trichiralaiwai
திருச்சீரலைவாய் Tiruccīralaivāy |
Tiruchendur, Thoothukudi district |  |
Located on the seashore near Thoothukudi amongst the remains of the Gandhamadana mountain or Santhanamalai (Sandal Mountain). The temple commemorates the place where Murugan won a decisive victory over the devil Surapadman by worshipping his father Shiva. |
| Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, Palani | Tiruvavinankudi
திருவாவினன்குடி Tiruvāviṉaṉkuṭi |
Palani, Dindigul district |  |
Located in Dindigul District, on the Palani hill ( Malai Adivaram ) called 'Thiruaavinankudi', where the deity is known as 'Kulanthai Velayuthaswami' and is said to have been worshipped by the goddess Lakshmi ('Thiru' in Tamil), owner of cows ('Aavinan' in Tamil), living place ('kudi' in Tamil).
The Murugan temple on the Palani hilltop where 'Dhandayuthapani' is the main deity, in a meditating state, carrying a staff ('danda') as a weapon ('ayudha') in his hands ('pani'). This is the place where Murugan is said to have reconciled after his feud with his family over a divine fruit. |
| Arulmigu Swaminatha Swamy Temple, Swamimalai | Thiruveragam
திருவேரகம் Tiruvērakam |
Swamimalai, Thanjavur district |  |
Located at 5 km from Kumbakonam, the temple is built on an artificial hill. The temple commemorates the incident where Murugan is regarded to have explained the essence of the Pranava mantra "Om" to his father Shiva. |
| Arulmigu Subramanyaswamy Temple, Tiruttani | Kundrottal
குன்றுதோறாடல் Kuṉṟutōṟāṭal |
Tiruttani, Thiruvallur district |  |
Located near Chennai, Murugan is said to have reclaimed his inner peace after winning a war over the devils and married Valli here. |
| Arulmigu Solaimalai Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai | Solaimalai
சோலைமலை Cōlaimalai |
Pazhamudircholai, Madurai district |  |
Located on the outskirts of Madurai on a hillock with a holy stream nearby called "Nupura Gangai". Murugan is seen here with both his consorts, Devasena and Valli. |
References
- "Arupadaiveedu". The Hindu. 12 November 2010. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- "Worship of Murugan". Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
- V.K., Subramanian (2007). 101 Mystics of India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. p. 109. ISBN 978-81-7017-471-4.
- Aiyar, P.V.Jagadisa (1982), South Indian Shrines: Illustrated, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, pp. 191–203, ISBN 81-206-0151-3, archived from the original on 21 December 2016, retrieved 4 December 2016
- Zvelebil, Kamil (1975), Tamil literature, Volume 2, Part 1, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 217, ISBN 90-04-04190-7, archived from the original on 21 December 2016, retrieved 4 December 2016
- Zvelebil 1991, p. 53
- "Arupadai Veedu - Famous Murugan Temples". Dharisanam. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- Economic Reforms and Small Scale Industries. Concept Publishing Company. 2009. p. 25. ISBN 9788180694493.
- Clothey, Fred W. (1972). "Pilgrimage Centers in the Tamil Cultus of Murukan". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 40 (1). Oxford University Press: 82. JSTOR 1461919.
- Mohamed, N.P.; A.J., Thomas (2003). "N.P. Mohamed in Conversation with A.J. Thomas". Indian Literature. 47 (1). Sahitya Akademi: 147. JSTOR 23341738.