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Element of Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals This article is about the radif in Persian, Turkic and Urdu ghazals. For the radif in Iranian music theory, see Radif (music).

In Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals, the radīf (from Arabic رديف; Persian: ردیف; Azerbaijani: rədif; Turkish: redif; Urdu: ردیف; Uzbek: radif) is the word which must end each line of the first couplet and the second line of all the following couplets. It is preceded by a qafiya, which is the actual rhyme of the ghazal.

The following is an example of an Urdu ghazal by Daagh Dehlvi, where the radif is "mein" while the qafiya is in -aah: nigaah, jalwa-gaah, nigaah, raah, haal-e-tabaah and aah.

آفت کی شوخیاں ہیں تمھاری نگاہ میں
محشر کے فتنے کھلاتی ہیں جلوہ گاہ میں
aafat kii shoKhiyaa.N hai.n tumhaarii nigaah mein
mehashar ke fitane khelate hai.n jalwa-gaah mein

وہ دشمنی سے دیکھتے ہیں دیکھتے تو ہیں
میں شاد ہوں کہ ہوں تو کسی کی نگاہ میں
wo dushmanii se dekhate hai.n dekhate to hain
mai.n shaad huu.N ke huu.N to kisii kii nigaah mein

آتی ہے بات بات مجھے بار بار یاد
کہتا ہوں دوڑ دوڑ کے قاصد سے راہ میں
aatii he baat baat mujhe yaad baar baar
kahataa huu.N dau.D dau.D ke qaasid se raah mein

اس توبہ پر ہے ناز مجھے زاہد اس قدر
جو ٹوٹ کر شریک ہوں حالِ تباہ میں
is taubaah par hai naaz mujhe zaahid is qadar
jo TuuT kar shariik huu.N haal-e-tabaah mein

مشتاق اس ادا کے بہت درد مند تھے
اے داغ تم تو بیٹھ گئے ایک آہ میں
mushtaaq is adaa ke bahot dard-ma.nd the
ae DaaG tum to baiTh gaye ek aah mein

In Urdu, a ghazal which has no radif is known as ghair muraddaf ghazal; if it contains radif, it is called a muraddaf ghazal.

Notes

  1. A couplet is called bayt or sher.

References

  1. Afroz Taj (2007). The Court of Indar and the Rebirth of North Indian Drama. p. 151.
  2. "The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet". Daily Times. 2017-12-21. Retrieved 2020-01-18.
  3. Kanda, K. C. (1995). Urdu Ghazals: An Anthology, from 16th to 20th Century. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-1826-5.
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