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Nuocyte

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The nuocyte is a cell of the innate immune system that plays an important role in type 2 immune responses that are induced in response to helminth worm infection or in conditions such as asthma and atopic disease. Nuocytes are amongst the first cells activated in type 2 immune responses and are thought to play important roles in activating and recruiting other cells types through their production of type 2 cytokines interleukin 4, 5 and 13. Nuocytes have been observed to proliferate in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) in vitro. Nuocytes contribute to the expulsion of helminth worms and to the pathology of colitis and allergic airways disease.

The nuocyte was identified at the same time as several other immune cells that play similar roles in type 2 immunity. These include Natural Helper Cells (NHCs), Innate Helper 2 (Ih2) cells and multi-potent progenitor (MPP) type 2 cells. The exact relationship between these cell types remains contentious but all share a type-2-inducing phenotype. MPP type 2 cells appear to differ from the other populations in that they have a myeloid, rather than lymphoid, origin.

Nuocytes have been shown to have a lymphoid origin and a developmental pathway that is dependent upon the transcription factor RORα and Notch signalling. Pro-T cell progenitors retain nuocyte developmental potential but, unlike T cells, the thymus is dispensable for their development.

References

  1. ^ Neill, DR; Wong, SH; Bellosi, A; Flynn, RJ; Daly, M; Langford, TK; Bucks, C; Kane, CM; Fallon, PG; Pannell, R; Jolin, HE; McKenzie, AN (2010). "Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity". Nature. 464 (7293): 1367–70. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1367N. doi:10.1038/nature08900. PMC 2862165. PMID 20200518.
  2. Mirchandani, A; Salmond, R; Liew, F (2012). "Interleukin-33 and the function of innate lymphoid cells". Trends in Immunology. 33 (8): 389–396. doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.04.005. PMID 22609147.
  3. Camelo, A; Barlow, JL; Drynan, LF; Neill, DR; Ballantyne, SJ; Wong, SH; Pannell, R; Gao, W; Wrigley, K; Sprenkle, J; McKenzie, AN (2012-04-27). "Blocking IL-25 signalling protects against gut inflammation in a type-2 model of colitis by suppressing nuocyte and NKT derived IL-13". Journal of Gastroenterology. 47 (11): 1198–211. doi:10.1007/s00535-012-0591-2. PMC 3501170. PMID 22539101.
  4. Barlow, JL; Bellosi, A; Hardman, CS; Drynan, LF; Wong, SH; Cruickshank, JP; McKenzie, AN (Jan 2012). "Innate IL-13-producing nuocytes arise during allergic lung inflammation and contribute to airways hyperreactivity". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 129 (1): 191–8.e1–4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.041. PMID 22079492.
  5. Moro, K; Yamada, T; Tanabe, M; Takeuchi, T; Ikawa, T; Kawamoto, H; Furusawa, J; Ohtani, M; Fujii, H; Koyasu, S (2010-01-28). "Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells". Nature. 463 (7280): 540–4. doi:10.1038/nature08636. PMID 20023630. S2CID 4420895.
  6. Price, AE; Liang, HE; Sullivan, BM; Reinhardt, RL; Eisley, CJ; Erle, DJ; Locksley, RM (2010-06-22). "Systemically dispersed innate IL-13-expressing cells in type 2 immunity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (25): 11489–94. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10711489P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003988107. PMC 2895098. PMID 20534524.
  7. ^ Saenz, SA; Siracusa, MC; Perrigoue, JG; Spencer, SP; Urban JF Jr; Tocker, JE; Budelsky, AL; Kleinschek, MA; Kastelein, RA; Kambayashi, T; Bhandoola, A; Artis, D (2010-04-29). "IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses". Nature. 464 (7293): 1362–6. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1362S. doi:10.1038/nature08901. PMC 2861732. PMID 20200520.
  8. Neill, DR; McKenzie, AN (May 2011). "Nuocytes and beyond: new insights into helminth expulsion". Trends in Parasitology. 27 (5): 214–21. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2011.01.001. PMID 21292555.
  9. Saenz, SA; Noti, M; Artis, D (Nov 2010). "Innate immune cell populations function as initiators and effectors in Th2 cytokine responses". Trends in Immunology. 31 (11): 407–13. doi:10.1016/j.it.2010.09.001. PMID 20951092.
  10. Wong, SH; Walker, JA; Jolin, HE; Drynan, LF; Hams, E; Camelo, A; Barlow, JL; Neill, DR; Panova, V; Koch, U; Radtke, F; Hardman, CS; Hwang, YY; Fallon, PG; McKenzie, AN (2012-01-22). "Transcription factor RORα is critical for nuocyte development". Nature Immunology. 13 (3): 229–36. doi:10.1038/ni.2208. PMC 3343633. PMID 22267218.

See also

Lymphocytes
B cells
T cells
Innate-like T cells
Innate lymphoid cells
NK cells
Lymphopoiesis
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