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Neue Pinakothek

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Art museum in Munich, Germany
Neue Pinakothek
Neue Pinakothek
The Neue Pinakothek opened in 1981
Established1853 (1853)
LocationMunich, Germany
Coordinates48°8′59″N 11°34′16″E / 48.14972°N 11.57111°E / 48.14972; 11.57111
Typeart museum
Websitewww.pinakothek.de/en/

The Neue Pinakothek (German: [ˈnɔʏ.ə pinakoˈteːk], New Pinacotheca) is an art museum in Munich, Germany. Its focus is European Art of the 18th and 19th centuries, and it is one of the most important museums of art of the nineteenth century in the world.

Together with the Alte Pinakothek and the Pinakothek der Moderne, the Neue Pinakothek is part of Munich's museum quarter (Kunstareal).

Neue Pinakothek 1880

The building

The Neue Pinakothek was completed in 1859 and was intended to be the first museum in Europe for the exhibition of contemporary paintings. The established schools of European painting were displayed. On the ground floor 1ß6 plaster busts of contemporary celebrities were also displayed.

The building was redeveloped in the late 20th century. Designed by architect Alexander von Branca in the new style of Postmodernism, the building opened in 1981. It combines a concrete construction with a stone facade design.

History

Gauguin's The Birth of Christ (1896), which brought Hugo von Tschudi to Munich and became the foundation of the Pinakothek's modern art collection.

Ludwig I of Bavaria began to collect contemporary art already as crown prince in 1809 and his collection was steadily enlarged. When the museum was founded, the separation to the old masters in the Alte Pinakothek was fixed with the period shortly before the turn of the 19th century, which has become a prototype for many galleries.

Owing to the personal preference of Ludwig I, the museum initially had a strong focus on paintings of German Romanticism and the Munich School. Also dynastic considerations played a role, as Greece had become a secundogeniture of Bavaria in 1832. In 1834 Carl Rottmann traveled to Greece to prepare for a commission from Ludwig I for a cycle of great Greek landscapes. These works were installed in the Neue Pinakothek, where the paintings were given their own hall.

The so-called Tschudi Contribution between 1905 and 1914 brought the Pinokathek an extraordinary collection of masterpieces of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Hugo von Tschudi was dismissed by Wilhelm II, German Emperor as a penalty for his exhibiting of Gauguin's The Birth of Christ in Berlin's National Gallery. He became the director of the Pinokathek. As general director of the State Collections, Tschudi acquired 44 paintings, nine sculptures, and 22 drawings, mostly from emerging French artists. Since public funds could not be used to purchase these works, Tschudi’s associates raised the money from private contributions after his death in 1911.

The space dedicated to painters of the Modernity was fixed at ca. 1900 by including Henri Matisse and Expressionism. Consequentially a painting of Matisse, which was part of the "Tschudi Contribution" ,is now displayed in the Pinakothek der Moderne.

In 1915, the Neue Pinakothek became the property of Bavaria. In 1938 the Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler confiscated a self-portrait of Vincent van Gogh, classifying the paintings as degenerate art.

Renovations

Since January 2019 the Neue Pinakothek has been closed for renovations. Originally, it was planned for the building to remain closed at least until 2025. The opening of the museum to visitors was delayed until 2029 in January 2022.

Collection

The museum is under supervision of the Bavarian State Painting Collections, which houses an expanded collection of more than 3.000 European paintings from classicism to Art Nouveau. About 400 paintings and 50 sculptures of these are exhibited in the New Pinakothek.

Francisco de Goya, Plucked Turkey (1810).
  • International paintings of the second half of the 18th century:
Among others the gallery exhibits works of Francisco de Goya (Plucked Turkey) (Don José Queraltó as a Spanish Army doctor), Jacques-Louis David (Anne-Marie-Louise Thélusson, Comtesse de Sorcy), Johann Friedrich August Tischbein (Nicolas Châtelain in the garden) and Anton Graff (Heinrich XIII, Graf Reuß).
  • English and Scottish paintings of 18th and early 19th centuries:
It has masterpieces of Thomas Gainsborough (portraits of Mrs. Thomas Hibbert and of Thomas Hibbert) (Landscape with Shepherd and Flock), William Hogarth (Richard Mounteney), John Constable (View of Dedham Vale from East Bergholt), Joshua Reynolds (Captain Philemon Pownall), David Wilkie (Reading the Will), Thomas Lawrence (The Two Sons of the 1st Earl of Talbot), George Romney (Catherine Clements), Richard Wilson (View of Syon House Across the Thames near Richmond Gardens), Henry Raeburn (Mrs. J. Campbell of Kilberry), George Stubbs (The pointer) and J. M. W. Turner (Ostende). The Pinakothek owns five works by Thomas Gainsborough, more than any other European museum outside the British Isles.
  • German artists of Classicism in Rome
like Friedrich Overbeck (Italia and Germania), Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow (The Holy Family beneath the Portico), Heinrich Maria von Hess (Marchesa Marianna Florenzi), Peter von Hess (The Entry of King Othon of Greece into Nauplia) and Peter von Cornelius (The three Marys at the Tomb).
with paintings of Caspar David Friedrich (The Garden Bower), Karl Friedrich Schinkel (Cathedral Towering over a Town), Carl Blechen (Building of the Devil's Bridge) and others.
Carl Spitzweg The Poor Poet 1839
represented by Franz Xaver Winterhalter (Graf Jenison-Walworth), Carl Spitzweg (The Poor Poet), Moritz von Schwind (A Symphony) and Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller (Young Peasant Woman with Three Children at the Window).
with Eugène Delacroix (Clorinda Rescues Olindo and Sophronia), Théodore Géricault (Artillery Train Passing a Ravine), Gustave Courbet (Landscape near Maizières), Jean-François Millet (Farmer Inserting a Graft on a Tree), Honoré Daumier (The Drama) and others.
  • Deutschrömer (or German-Romans)
such as Hans von Marées (Self-Portrait), Arnold Böcklin (Pan in the Reeds), Anselm Feuerbach (Medea) and Hans Thoma (Landscape in the Taunus).
  • History paintings
with Wilhelm von Kaulbach ( King Ludwig I surrounded by artists), Karl Theodor von Piloty (Seni and Wallenstein), Franz von Defregger (Das letzte Aufgebot) and Hans Makart (Die Falknerin).
  • German Realism
like Wilhelm Leibl (Portrait of Frau Gedon), Franz von Lenbach (Aresing Village Street) and Adolph Menzel (Living-Room with the Artist's Sister).
  • German Impressionists
especially Max Liebermann (Boys Bathing), Lovis Corinth (Eduard, Count von Keyserling), August von Brandis (Duchblick) and Max Slevogt (The Day's Work Done).
Édouard Manet Luncheon in the Studio 1868.
  • French Impressionists
One of the world's leading collections with masterpieces of Pierre-Auguste Renoir (Portrait of a Young Woman), Édouard Manet (Luncheon in the Studio) (Monet Painting on His Studio Boat), Claude Monet (The Bridge at Argenteuil), Paul Cézanne (The Railway Cutting), Paul Gauguin (The Birth - Te tamari no atua), Edgar Degas (Woman Ironing), Camille Pissarro (Street in Upper Norwood), Alfred Sisley (The Road to Hampton Court), Paul Sérusier (The Laundresses) and Vincent van Gogh (Sunflowers) (The Weaver).
  • Symbolism and Art Nouveau and early 20th century
represented among others by Giovanni Segantini (L'aratura), Gustav Klimt (Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein), Paul Signac (S.Maria della Salute), Maurice Denis (Gaulish Goddess of Herds and Flocks), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (Le jeune Routy à Céleyran), James Ensor (Still Life in the Studio), Édouard Vuillard (Café Scene), Ferdinand Hodler (Tired of Life), Franz von Stuck (The Sin), Edvard Munch (Woman in Red Dress (Street in Aasgaardstrand)), Walter Crane (Neptune's horses), Thomas Austen Brown (Mademoiselle Plume rouge), Pierre Bonnard (Lady at the Mirror) and Egon Schiele (Agony).
  • Sculptures
Also sculptures of the 19th century are exhibited, for example works of Bertel Thorvaldsen (Adonis), Antonio Canova (Paris), Rudolph Schadow (Woman Tying Her Sandal), Auguste Rodin (Crouching Woman (La femme accroupie)), Max Klinger (Elsa Asenijeff), Aristide Maillol (La Flore), Pablo Picasso (Le Fou) and others.

Gallery

References

  1. Dan Karlholm (2006). Art of Illusion: The Representation of Art History in Nineteenth-century Germany and Beyond. Lang. p. 197. ISBN 978-3-03910-958-6.
  2. Dan Karlholm (2006). Art of Illusion: The Representation of Art History in Nineteenth-century Germany and Beyond. Lang. p. 204. ISBN 978-3-03910-958-6.
  3. "Sanierung neue Pinakothek München". sanierung-neue-pinakothek.de (in German). Staatliches Bauamt München. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  4. "Neue Pinakothek wegen Renovierung geschlossen | Ausstellungen in München" (in German). 27 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020.
  5. "Die Neue Pinakothek während der Sanierung". München Online (in German). Dreistern Verlag GmbH. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  6. Gerdom, Ilona (19 January 2022). "München: 41 Bäume fallen für Sanierung der Neuen Pinakothek". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Süddeutsche Zeitung GmbH. Retrieved 6 April 2023. Während es anfangs noch geheißen hatte, dass es bis 2025 dauern könnte, korrigiert Thiel-Lintner: Der Plan sei, zum Jahreswechsel 2027/28 "baulich fertig" zu sein. Wiedereröffnen könnten die Räume 2029.
  7. "FAQ". sanierung-neue-pinakothek.de (in German). Retrieved 6 April 2023. Wenn die Sanierung planmäßig durchgeführt werden kann, wird die Baumaßnahme nach derzeitigem Stand zum Jahreswechsel 2027 / 2028 baulich fertig gestellt. Im Anschluss folgt eine Einregulierungsphase der technischen Anlagen, sowie der Wiedereinzug der BStGS. Die Wiederöffnung der Neuen Pinakothek erfolgt voraussichtlich in der 2. Jahreshälfte 2029.

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