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Min Khamaung (Arakanese:မင်းခမောင်း; Burmese pronunciation: [mɪ́ɴ kʰa̰ máʊɴ], Arakanese pronunciation: [máɴ kʰa̰ máʊɴ];1557 - c. May 1622) also known as Hussein Shah; was the king of Arakan from 1612 to 1622.

Early life

The future king was born to Princess Pyinsala Sanda (ပဥ္စလစန္ဒာ) and Prince Razagyi in Khamaungseit (ခမောင်းဆိပ်) which is modern day Maungdaw Township on the year 1577.

During a war between Taungoo and Arakan, the crown prince Khamaung was captured by Portuguese mercenary Filipe de Brito e Nicote and was held ransom in exchange for his independence from the various Burmese kingdoms until 1603.

Reign

Min Khamaung succeeded the throne after his father, Min Razagyi's, death in 1612. At that time, Mrauk U-Arakan was chaotic due to the Portuguese insurrections. Razagyi had formed an unwilling alliance with the Portuguese mercenary captain Sebastian Gonzales Tibao to fend off the Mughals. However, Tibao had betrayed and taken over the Arakense navy and begun using it to raid the coast in 1610.

By 1615, Khamaung was able to get subdue Tibao and resolved any tensions caused by the insurrections with the Burmese diplomatically. Khamaung then launched a second attack to retake Bhulua from the Mughals. The governor of Bhulua fled, allowing Arakan to occupy the city. Khamaung and his forces followed the Bhulua garrison to the Dakatia River, where the Arakanese forces were defeated and Khamaung was captured. Khamaung negotiated for his freedom, promising not to attack Bhulua again in exchange for various resources- such as elephants, equipment and servants.

The subahdar (governor) of Bengal, Qasim Khan, found this release humane but unstatesmanlike as it missed an opportunity to subjugate Arakan. Accordingly, Qasim Khan built up an army and sent an expedition in February 1616 to take Chittagong back from Arakan. The forced launched a quick and early siege that- with superior Mughal siege weaponry and firepower- seemed poised to take Chittagong before the Arakanese army could arrive. However, dissent amongst the ranks stemming from a personal officer of the subahdar being the commander of mostly imperial forces. The Arakanese recovered their defence with reinforcements and proceeded to cut off food supply lines with an army of 10,000 men.

After the successful defence, Min Khamaung strengthened his military and situation by capturing Sandwip back from Tibao with the help of different Portuguese mercenaries in late 1617. Regaining the lost navy, he began to rad far into Bengal, as far inland as to attack towns on the Meghna River.

Min Kamaung's military repelled and crushed the last of the Portuguese insurrection and invasion with the aid of Dutch military assistance from Dutch East India company VOC in 1625.

Death

The King died on 1 June 1622 Saturday, 4th waxing of Nayone 984 ME in Mrauk U at age 45 of natural illness. He was succeeded by his son Heir-apparent Min Hari Thiri Thudhamma.

References

1. Rajanubhab, D. (2001). Our Wars With the Burmese. Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd. pp. 185–187. ISBN 9747534584.
2. Rakhine Razawin Gyi (in Burmese). U Htun Shwe. p. 139 Phase.
3. ^ Catherine Raymond (2000). Illustrating the Kingdom of Arakan in the XVIIth Century: An Arakanese Perspective from the Dutch Sources. Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales. p. 10Phase.
4. Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. pp. 141–142.
5. ^ Chowdhury, Mohammaed Ali (2004). Bengal-Arakan Relations. Kolkata: Firma KLM Private Limited. pp. 106–109. ISBN 81-7102-118-2.
6. Karim, KM (2012). "Qasim Khan Chisti". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
7. Rakhine Razawin Gyi (in Burmese). U Htun Shwe. p. 143 Phase.

Bibliography

• Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
• Myat Soe, ed. (1964). Myanma Swezon Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 9 (1 ed.). Yangon: Sarpay Beikman.
• Myint-U, Thant (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps—Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
• Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931). Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 1–2 (1997 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.

v t e Burmese monarchs
Pagan dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Saw Lu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya, Yazathingyan and Thihathu Thihathu Uzana I Sithu Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kye-Taung Nyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon and Thohanbwa Hkonmaing Narapati III Narapati IV
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Maha Dewi Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut Smim Htaw
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati Minkhaung
Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Min Taninganway Min Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
Regent or Co-Regent Mongol vassal (1297) Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) Brief revival (1550–52) Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

• Monarchs of Mrauk-U
• 17th century in Burma
• 17th-century Burmese monarchs