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Isaz

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Runic alphabet letter

Name	Proto-Germanic	Old English	Old Norse
	*Isaz	Īs	Íss
	"ice"
Shape	Elder Futhark	Futhorc	Younger Futhark
Shape
Unicode	ᛁ U+16C1
Transliteration	i
Transcription	i
IPA
Position in rune-row	11		9

This article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes.

*Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning "ice". In the Younger Futhark, it is called íss in Old Norse. As a rune of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc, it is called is.

The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌹 i, named eis.

The rune is recorded in all three rune poems:

Rune Poem:	English Translation:
Anglo-Saxon ᛁ Is bẏþ oferceald, ungemetum slidor, glisnaþ glæshluttur gimmum gelicust, flor forste geƿoruht, fæger ansẏne.	Ice is very cold and immeasurably slippery; it glistens as clear as glass and most like to gems; it is a floor wrought by the frost, fair to look upon.
Old Icelandic ᛁ Íss er árbörkr ok unnar þak ok feigra manna fár. glacies jöfurr.	Ice is bark of rivers and roof of the wave and destruction of the doomed.
Old Norwegian ᛁ Ís kǫllum brú bræiða; blindan þarf at læiða.	Ice is called the broad bridge; the blind man must be led.

See also

References

Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page.

v
t
e

Germanic Elder Futhark
24-type Fuþark
(ca. AD to 9th c.)

Normalized
Variations

–
–

᛬

᛬

f

u
y

þ
ð

a
ã

r

k

g

ƿ
v

h

n

i

j

ï
é

p

z
ʀ

s

t

b

e
ɛ

m

l

ŋ

d
ð

Anglo-Frisian Futhorc
28-type Fuþorc
(ca. 5th c. to 9th c.)

Normalized
Variations

–
–

f

u
o

þ
ð

r

ȝ
g
ŋ
k

ƿ/v

h

n

i

j

ï
é
ēo

p

x

s

t

b

e
ɛ

m

l

ŋ

d

a

æ

y

ea
æa

Later Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
33-type Fuþorc
(ca. 8th c. to 12th c.)

Normalized
Variations

–
–

f

u
o

þ
ð

r

ȝ
g
ŋ
k

ƿ/v

h

n

i

j

ï
é
ēo

p

x

s

t

b

e
ɛ

m

l

ŋ

d

a

æ
y

y

īa
īo

ea
æa

q

k

st

ḡ

k̄
c̄
ck
kk

Norse Younger Futhark
16-type Fuþark
(ca. 8th c. to 11th c.)

Long-Branch

–

᛬

᛬

Short-Twig

–

᛬

᛬

f

u
y/ö
o
v/w

þ
ð

ą
o
å/ǫ

r

k
g
ŋ

h

n

i
j
e

a
ä

s
z

t
d

b
p

m

l

ʀ

Later Younger Futhark
Stung Fuþark
(ca. 11th c. to 13th c.)

Regular

–

᛬

᛬

f

u
o
w

þ

r

k

h

n

i
j

a
ä

s
z

t

b

m

l

y
ʀ

Stung

–

v

y
ö

ð

g
ŋ

ɴ

e
ä

d

p

ʟ

Medieval runes
Medieval Fuþark
(ca. 13th c. to 18th c.)

1st types

–

᛬

᛬

f

u
w

þ

o

r

k
q

h
x

n

i
j

a

s

t

b

m

l

y

2nd types

–

v

y
v

ð

ǫ
å

g

n

e

ä

c
z

d

p

ʟ

y

3rd types

–

ö

ng

ɴ

z
c

ᴘ

4th types

–

x

Alphabetical
amalgamation

–

ᚴ ᛋ
ᛪ
ᚼ

a

b

c

d

ð

e

f

g

ŋ

h

i

j

k

l

ʟ

m

n

ɴ

o

ǫ

p

ᴘ

q

r

s

t

þ

u

v

w

x

y

z

å

ä

ö

Dalecarlian runes
Dalecarlian alphabet
(ca. 16th c. to 19th c.)

Alphabetical
(incomplete)

–

ᛅ

ᛒ

ᛋ

ᚦ

ᛆ

ᚠ

ᚼ

ᛁ

ᚴ

ᛚ

ᛘ

ᚿ

ᛰ

𐋐

ᛩ

ᚱ

ᛌ

ᛐ

ᚢ

ᛋᛌ

ᛠ

Å

ᚯ

ᛦ

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

x

y

z

å

ä

ö

See also: Runic inscriptions interactive map; Runic inscriptions; Rune Poems; Runestones; Runic magic; Modern runic writing; Pseudo-runes; Staveless runes

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