Human settlement in Scotland
Helmsdale
| |
|---|---|
 | |
  HelmsdaleLocation within the Sutherland area | |
| Population | 764 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | ND025155 |
| • Edinburgh | 151 mi (243 km) |
| • London | 478 mi (769 km) |
| Council area | |
| Lieutenancy area | |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HELMSDALE |
| Postcode district | KW8 |
| Dialling code | 01431 |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| UK Parliament | |
| Scottish Parliament | |
| 58°07′N 3°40′W / 58.12°N 3.66°W / 58.12; -3.66 | |
Helmsdale (Scots: Helmsdal, Scottish Gaelic: Bun Ilidh) is a village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland council area of Scotland. The modern village was planned in 1814 to resettle communities that had been removed from the surrounding straths as part of the Highland Clearances.
Toponymy
The River Helmsdale (Gaelic Ilidh) was noted by Ptolemy as Ila, which remains an obscure name. The Gaelic name for the village, Bun Ilidh, means Ilie-foot. Norse settlers called the strath Hjalmundal, meaning Dale of the Helmet, from which the modern village name Helmsdale is derived.
History
The remains of Helmsdale Castle were demolished in the 1970s in order to build the new A9 road bridge.
The castle was the location of the murder of John Gordon, 11th Earl of Sutherland and his Countess, Marion Seton, in 1567. They were poisoned by Isobel Sinclair, the wife of Gordon of Gartly. Isobel Sinclair's own son also died, but the fifteen-year-old heir of Sutherland, Alexander Gordon was unharmed. He was made to marry the Earl of Caithness’s daughter Barbara Sinclair. In 1569 he escaped from the Sinclairs to Huntly Castle.
The previous bridge, which still stands, was designed by Thomas Telford and completed in 1811.
The last force-fire (a sort of sacred flame) in Helmsdale was in about 1818.
Gold rush
Two tributaries of the river were the scene of a gold rush in 1869. The history of Kildonan's gold started in 1818, when a single nugget of gold was found near the Suisgill and Kildonan burns. Late in 1868, a brief announcement in a local newspaper stated that gold had been discovered at Kildonan in the county of Sutherland. The credit for the discovery goes to Robert Nelson Gilchrist, a native of Kildonan, who had spent 17 years in the goldfields of Australia. On his return home, the Duke of Sutherland gave him permission to pan the gravels of the Helmsdale River, and he prospected all the burns and tributaries.
World War II and after
During World War II, the Royal Air Force built Loth Chain Home radar station at Crakaig, a few miles south-west of Helmsdale. There was also an RAF Chain Home Low radar station at Navidale, about one mile (1.5 kilometres) northeast of Helmsdale. During the Cold War there was a Composite Signals Organisation (CSO) radio monitoring station in Helmsdale itself. The CSO is associated with GCHQ.
Recent developments
On 3 August 2008, Highland Council announced plans to modernise and catalyse industry in Helmsdale and its surrounding areas. This included a £3.5 million revamp of the harbour and the development of two battery processing factories. Work on the harbour was set to begin in spring 2009, while the battery plants were expected to open before May 2009. It was hoped up to 50 new jobs would be created.
On 7 August 2024, King Charles III visited Helmsdale railway station to mark the 150th anniversary of the Sutherland and Caithness railway line. The King, met railway workers, representatives of Helmsdale Community Council and members of Sutherland Schools Pipe Band. He afterwards laid flowers at Helmsdale War Memorial to mark its centenary and met veterans and members of the local community.
Location and transport
West Helmsdale lies across the river from the main village above the railway station; Old Helmsdale is immediately to the north while East Helmsdale is a settlement less than one mile (1.5 kilometres) east.
The village is on the A9 road, at a junction with the A897 to Melvich, and has a railway station on the Far North Line. Buses operate about every two hours from Monday to Saturday and infrequently on Sundays from Helmsdale to Brora, Golspie, Dornoch, Tain and Inverness in the south and Berriedale, Dunbeath, Halkirk, Thurso and Scrabster in the north. These are on routes X98 and X99 and are operated by Stagecoach Highlands, but tickets can be bought on the Citylink website.
Tourism, culture and sport
Facilities in Helmsdale include an independent youth hostel, a heritage centre, an art gallery, and an inn.
Helmsdale hosts a Highland Games which are held on the third Saturday in August each year. For the evening Marquee Dance the village population of 700 doubles thanks to visitors attending the dance.
Helmsdale is home to Bunillidh Thistle F.C. and Helmsdale United.
Economy
Helmsdale is a fishing port at the estuary of the River Helmsdale. It was once the home of one of the largest herring fleets in Europe.
People from Helmsdale
- Professor Andrew Rutherford CBE (1929–1998), Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 1994 to 1997.
- David Mackay (pilot), Chief Pilot of Virgin Galactic, and a former test pilot. Became the 569th person to enter space and Scotland's first astronaut.
- Edwyn Collins, singer from band Orange Juice, who also had notable solo success with the song "A Girl Like You", resides in the village.
See also
- Badbea clearance village
References
- "POPULATION CHANGE IN CAITHNESS AND SUTHERLAND 2001 TO 2011". Highland Council. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- Scots Language Centre: Scottish Place Names in Scots
- "Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
- Helmsdale Castle, HES/RCAHMS Canmore
- Fraser, William, ed., Sutherland Book, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1892), pp. 121-4, 127-9
- Margaret Sanderson, Mary Stewart's People (Mercat Press: Edinburgh, 1987), p. 42.
- Colvin, Howard (2008). "Burn, George". A biographical dictionary of British architects, 1600-1840. Yale University Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-300-12508-5. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- "Helmsdale Bridge". Highland HER. The Highland Council. 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
- Anon. "The Scottish Gold Rush March 1869". Official website for the village of Helmsdale. helmsdale.org. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- "King visits Helmsdale as village marks centenary of war memorial and 150th anniversary of railway line". The Northern Times. The Northern Times. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- "Scothighlands - Drive from Inverness to John O'Groats". scothighlands.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- "Bus Times & Timetables | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.