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Ctenochasmatids Temporal range: Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous 152–105 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Ctenochasma elegans specimen from Solnhofen
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Pterosauria
Suborder:	†Pterodactyloidea
Clade:	†Ctenochasmatoidea
Family:	†Ctenochasmatidae Nopsca, 1928
Type species
†Ctenochasma roemeri Meyer, 1852
Subgroups
†Ardeadactylus? †Aurorazhdarcho? †Balaenognathus †Cathayopterus †Cratonopterus †Elanodactylus †Forfexopterus †Gladocephaloideus †Kepodactylus †Liaodactylus †Otogopterus †Petrodactyle †Pterofiltrus †Ctenochasmatinae †Ctenochasma †Pterodaustrini †Beipiaopterus †Eosipterus †Gegepterus †Pterodaustro †Gnathosaurinae †Gnathosaurus †Huanhepterus? †Lusognathus †Plataleorhynchus †Tacuadactylus †Moganopterinae †Feilongus †Moganopterus

Ctenochasmatidae is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. They are characterized by their distinctive teeth, which are thought to have been used for filter-feeding. Ctenochasmatids lived from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous periods.

The earliest known ctenochasmatid remains date to the Late Jurassic Kimmeridgian age. Previously, a fossil jaw recovered from the Middle Jurassic Stonesfield Slate formation in the United Kingdom, was considered the oldest known. This specimen supposedly represented a member of the family Ctenochasmatidae, though further examination suggested it actually belonged to a teleosaurid stem-crocodilian instead of a pterosaur.

Classification

Below is cladogram following a topology recovered by Brian Andres, using the most recent iteration of his data set (Andres, 2021). Anders found that three subfamilies fall within the Ctenochasmatidae: Ctenochasmatinae, Gnathosaurinae and Moganopterinae, while also including several basal genera.

References

1. Nopcsa, F (1928). "The Genera of Reptiles" (PDF). Palaeobiologica. 1 (1): 163–188.
2. Jiang, Shunxing; Song, Junyi; Zhang, Xinjun; Cheng, Xin; Wang, Xiaolin (2023-11-15). "A new pterosaur from the early stage of the Jehol biota in China, with a study on the relative thickness of bone walls". Heliyon. 9 (12). E22370. Bibcode:2023Heliy...922370J. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22370. PMC 10709016. PMID 38076164.
3. Hone, David W.E.; Lauer, René; Lauer, Bruce; Spindler, Frederik (2023-07-14). "Petrodactyle wellnhoferi gen. et sp. nov.: A new and large ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of Germany". Palaeontologia Electronica: 26.2.a25. doi:10.26879/1251.
4. Buffetaut, E. and Jeffrey, P. (2012). "A ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Stonesfield Slate (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire, England." Geological Magazine, (advance online publication) doi:10.1017/S0016756811001154
5. Andres, B.; Clark, J.; Xu, X. (2014). "The Earliest Pterodactyloid and the Origin of the Group". Current Biology. 24 (9): 1011–6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030. PMID 24768054.
6. Andres, B. (2021) Phylogenetic systematics of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 41:sup1, 203-217. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2020.1801703 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2020.1801703

v t e Pterosauria
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Archosauria Clade: Avemetatarsalia Clade: Pterosauromorpha Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Pterosauria see below↓
Pterosauria Pterosauria Daohugoupterus Preondactylia Austriadactylus Preondactylus Caviramidae? Carniadactylus? Caviramus Raeticodactylus? Austriadraconidae Arcticodactylus? Austriadraco Seazzadactylus Eopterosauria Austriadraco? Peteinosaurus? Preondactylia? Eudimorphodontoidea Raeticodactylidae Caviramus? Pachagnathus Raeticodactylus Yelaphomte Eudimorphodontidae Arcticodactylus? Eudimorphodontinae Carniadactylus? Eudimorphodon Zambellisauria? Peteinosaurus? Macronychoptera Herbstosaurus Dimorphodontidae Allkaruen? Caelestiventus Dimorphodon Parapsicephalus? Peteinosaurus? Rhamphinion? Lonchognatha? Eudimorphodon? Novialoidea Campylognathoididae Bergamodactylus Campylognathoides Breviquartossa Rhamphorhynchidae Dolicorhamphus? Klobiodon Parapsicephalus? Scaphognathinae? Rhamphorhynchinae Bellubrunnus Cacibupteryx Dorygnathus Harpactognathus Nesodactylus Orientognathus Qinglongopterus Rhamphorhynchae Angustinaripterini Angustinaripterus Dearc Harpactognathus? Qinglongopterus? Sericipterus Rhamphorhynchini Cacibupteryx? Nesodactylus? Rhamphorhynchus Digibrevisauria? Scaphognathidae? Fenghuangopterus Jianchangnathus Jianchangopterus Scaphognathus Sordes? Pterodactylomorpha see below↓
Pterodactylomorpha Pterodactylomorpha Allkaruen? Sordes? Monofenestrata Archaeoistiodactylus Melkamter Normannognathus Anurognathidae? Darwinoptera Ceoptera Pterorhynchus Wukongopteridae Kunpengopterus Wukongopterinae Archaeoistiodactylus? Cuspicephalus Darwinopterus Douzhanopterus? Wukongopterus Pterodactyliformes Changchengopterus? Douzhanopterus Skiphosoura Caelidracones Anurognathidae Mesadactylus Anurognathinae Anurognathus Dendrorhynchoides? Jeholopterus? Luopterus Vesperopterylus Batrachognathinae Batrachognathus Cascocauda Dendrorhynchoides? Jeholopterus? Sinomacrops Pterodactyloidea Dermodactylus Eurolimnornis Herbstosaurus? Kryptodrakon Ningchengopterus Pangupterus Propterodactylus Samrukia? Wenupteryx Lophocratia see below↓
Lophocratia Archaeopterodactyloidea Prejanopterus Germanodactylidae Altmuehlopterus? Germanodactylus Normannognathus? Tendaguripterus? Euctenochasmatia Diopecephalus Pterodactylus Ctenochasmatoidea Gallodactylidae Aurorazhdarcho? Cycnorhamphus Normannognathus? Petrodactyle? Moganopterinae? Aurorazhdarchia Aerodactylus Gallodactylidae? Aurorazhdarchidae Ardeadactylus? Aurorazhdarcho Huanhepterus? Ctenochasmatidae Ardeadactylus? Balaenognathus Cathayopterus Cratonopterus Elanodactylus Forfexopterus Gladocephaloideus Kepodactylus Liaodactylus Otogopterus Petrodactyle Pterofiltrus Moganopterinae? Feilongus Moganopterus Gnathosaurinae Gnathosaurus Huanhepterus? Lusognathus Plataleorhynchus Tacuadactylus Ctenochasmatinae Ctenochasma Pterodaustrini Beipiaopterus Eosipterus Gegepterus Pterodaustro Eupterodactyloidea Altmuehlopterus? Ornithocheiroidea see below↓
Ornithocheiroidea Ornithocheiroidea Piksi? Tapejaroidea Dsungaripteridae Banguela? Lonchognathosaurus? Noripterus Ordosipterus Puntanipterus? Tendaguripterus? Dsungaripterinae Domeykodactylus Dsungaripterus Azhdarchoidea Argentinadraco Inabtanin Keresdrakon? Leptostomia? Montanazhdarcho Ornithostoma Neoazhdarchia Tapejaromorpha Bennettazhia Keresdrakon? Thalassodromidae? Aerotitan? Alanqa? Argentinadraco? Banguela? Kariridraco Lacusovagus? Leptostomia? Thalassodromeus Tupuxuara Xericeps? Tapejariformes Caupedactylia? Aymberedactylus Caupedactylus Tapejaridae Afrotapejara Sinopterinae Afrotapejara? Bakonydraco? Eopteranodon? Huaxiadraco Huaxiapterus Nemicolopterus Sinopterus Wightia Tapejarinae Aymberedactylus? Caupedactylus? Keresdrakon? Lacusovagus? Vectidraco Tapejarini Bakonydraco? Europejara Tapejara Tupandactylus Caiuajarina Caiuajara Torukjara Azhdarchomorpha Cretornis? Microtuban Xericeps Dsungaripteromorpha? Alanqidae? Alanqa Argentinadraco? Keresdrakon? Leptostomia? Montanazhdarcho? Xericeps? Neopterodactyloidea Eoazhdarcho Chaoyangopteridae Apatorhamphus? Argentinadraco? Eoazhdarcho? Lacusovagus Meilifeilong Microtuban? Xericeps? Chaoyangopterinae Chaoyangopterus Jidapterus Shenzhoupterus Azhdarchiformes Montanazhdarcho? Radiodactylus Alanqidae? Azhdarchidae Alanqa? Bogolubovia Navajodactylus? Palaeocursornis Tethydraco? Volgadraco? Azhdarchinae Aerotitan? Albadraco Azhdarcho Mistralazhdarcho Quetzalcoatlinae Aralazhdarcho Arambourgiania Cryodrakon Eurazhdarcho Hatzegopteryx Nipponopterus Phosphatodraco Quetzalcoatlus Thanatosdrakon Wellnhopterus? Zhejiangopterus Pteranodontoidea see below↓
Pteranodontoidea Pteranodontoidea Santanadactylus Pteranodontia Pteranodontidae Bogolubovia? Dawndraco Ornithostoma? Pteranodon Tethydraco? Volgadraco? Nyctosauromorpha Alamodactylus Cretornis? Aponyctosauria Alcione Epapatelo Simurghia Nyctosauridae Barbaridactylus Muzquizopteryx Nyctosaurus Volgadraco? Ornithocheiromorpha Aussiedraco Serradraco Unwindia Lonchodectidae Hongshanopterus? Ikrandraco? Lonchodectes Lonchodraco? Targaryendraco? Lanceodontia Draigwenia? Lonchodraconidae Ikrandraco Lonchodraco Istiodactyliformes Hongshanopterus Linlongopterus Yixianopterus Lonchodectidae? Mimodactylidae Haopterus Linlongopterus Mimodactylus Istiodactylidae Lingyuanopterus Longchengpterus Luchibang Nurhachius Istiodactylinae Istiodactylus Liaoxipterus Ornithocheiriformes Barbosania Brasileodactylus Cearadactylus Hamipterus Boreopteridae Boreopterus Zhenyuanopterus Ornithocheirae Ornithocheiridae Araripesaurus Arthurdactylus Camposipterus? Caulkicephalus? Cimoliopterus? Haliskia? Tropeognathus? Ornithocheirinae Aetodactylus? Camposipterus? Coloborhynchus? Draigwenia? Ferrodraco? Guidraco? Ludodactylus? Mythunga? Ornithocheirus Siroccopteryx? Uktenadactylus? Targaryendraconia? Cimoliopteridae Aetodactylus Camposipterus? Cimoliopterus Targaryendraconidae Aussiedraco? Barbosania? Targaryendraco Anhangueria Brasileodactylus? Ornithocheiridae? Hamipteridae? Hamipterus Iberodactylus Anhangueridae Tropeognathinae? Akharhynchus Amblydectes? Ferrodraco? Haliskia? Mythunga? Siroccopteryx? Thapunngaka Tropeognathus Coloborhynchinae? Aerodraco Coloborhynchus Nicorhynchus Siroccopteryx? Uktenadactylus Anhanguerinae Anhanguera Caulkicephalus? Cearadactylus? Guidraco Liaoningopterus Ludodactylus Maaradactylus

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