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Camp Olivas
Kampo Olivas
The facade of the PNP Police Regional Office 3 in the camp.
General information
Town or city	San Fernando, Pampanga
Country	Philippines
Current tenants	PNP Police Regional Office 3
Named for	Captain Julian Olivas
Groundbreaking	1917 (as police station) 1936 (As a camp)

Camp Olivas is the regional headquarters of the Police Regional Office 3: and is located in Brgy San Nicolas along Mac Arthur Highway, Camp Olivas, City of San Fernando, Pampanga. It was named after Captain Julian Olivas.

History

Establishment and prewar history

In 1917, Camp Olivas started serving as police station and relief center, evacuation based and hospital site, as well as cadre and mobilization area, in 1936. Camp Olivas was established as the First Pampanga Cadre Camp utilized by the then Insular Police known as “Philippine Constabulary. The camp is known to have been named in honor of Captain Julian Olivas in 1939 who died in the line of duty on July 12, 1939 when the heroic PC Inspector (equivalent to Provincial Director) was shot from behind by four men identified with the labor group while mediating a labor dispute at the Pampanga Sugar Development Company (PASUDECO). President Manuel L. Quezon immediately awarded him posthumously the Distinguished Contact Star medal. It was until 1957 when it became the seat of peace-keeping regional force in the guise of the First Philippine Constabulary Zone.

Camp Olivas, where the Headquarters of the Police Regional Office 3 is located, was born out of the necessities of the time. From 1917 up to 1936, Camp Olivas then was used as police station and the base of relief and evacuation center hospital site, as well as cadre and mobilization area. It was the seat of the first Pampanga Cadre Camp law enforcement activities from 1936 to 1940.

World War II

During the outbreak of the Second World War (WWII), the Camp was used as the mobilization center for men-folks in Central Luzon who bravely fought in Bataan and Corregidor. The Camp was converted into a Red Cross Hospital until the fall of Bataan. The Japanese occupied the Camp until they were driven out in the early month of 1945.

Postwar era

After the war, Camp Olivas was made the headquarters of the First Military Area in 1947 and became the center of the anti-Huk campaign in Central Luzon where bloodiest encounters took placed between the government forces and the HUKBALAHAP of Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon, which was later became HMB of Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan after the war.

The 1PCZ then has jurisdiction over the provinces of Regions 1, 2 and 3, namely: Abra; La Union; Mt Province; Batanes; Nueva Ecija; Cagayan; Ilocos Norte; Ilocos Sur; Pangasinan; Isabela; Bataan; Bulacan; Nueva Ecija; Pampanga; Tarlac and Zambales. In 1969, the area of responsibility of the 1PCZ further expanded when Congress Legistate the division Mountain Province, namely; Benguet, Kalinga Apayao, Ifugao, and retaining Mt Province. So intricate was the peace and order job of the 1PCZ that in a period of two decades, it saw the assignment of fourteen Zone Commanders from 1957 up to 1978.

During the Marcos dictatorship

During the Marcos dictatorship, Camp Olivas was designated as one of the four provincial camps to become a Regional Command for Detainees (RECAD). It was designated RECAD I and it housed detainees from Northern and Central Luzon.

Prominent detainees imprisoned there include Edicio de la Torre, Judy Taguiwalo, Tina Pargas, Marie Hilao-Enriquez, and Bernard-Adan Ebuen. Prisoners who were documented to have been tortured include the sisters Joanna and Josefina Cariño, the brothers Romulo and Armando Palabay, and Mariano Giner Jr of Abra.

About 50 Kalinga and Bontoc leaders were also brought to Camp Olivas from their detainment center in Tabuk, Kalinga, arrested for their opposition to the Chico River Dam Project.

Capture by RAM during the August 1987 Philippine coup attempt

On August 28, 1987, Camp Olivas was briefly taken over by forces under the Reform the Armed Forces Movement during the August 1987 Philippine coup attempt. When the RAM coup failed overall, however, the RAM forces that had taken over Olivas quietly left the camp, so that the camp was back to normal by dawn the following morning.

References

1. "Police Regional Office 3 - History". pro3.pnp.gov.ph. Retrieved 2020-07-04.
2. ^ https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa350191977en.pdf
3. "Imprisoned Priest Begins Hunger Strike in Philippines". New York Times. 1974-12-27.
4. Dela Peña, Kurt (2022-09-20). "Remembering martial law: Hope, then despair". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
5. "Lessons from 50 years ago". Retrieved 2023-12-19.
6. CASTAÑEDA, DABET (December 7–13, 2003). "Marie Hilao-Enriquez: An Icon of Human Rights Activism in the Philippines". Retrieved 2023-12-19.
7. Empeño, Henry (2021-10-03). "'Wind of change'". Business Mirror. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
8. "Joanna Cariño, an Ibaloi activist". Northern Dispatch.
9. Cariño, Joanna K. (April 22–27, 1980). "The Chico River Basin Development Project: A Case Study of National Development Policy". Paper Presented at the Third Annual Conference of the Anthropological Association of the Philippines. Manila. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018.
10. Davide, Hilario. "The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission: IV: Military Intervention in the Philippines: 1986 – 1987". Archived from the original on 2017-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-17.

15°1′10.32″N 120°42′13.16″E / 15.0195333°N 120.7036556°E / 15.0195333; 120.7036556

• Philippine National Police headquarters
• Police headquarters in the Philippines
• Buildings and structures in San Fernando, Pampanga
• Detention centers during the Marcos dictatorship