Beretta M1923 - Misplaced Pages

Semi-automatic pistol

Beretta Model 1923
Left side view of the Beretta M1923
Type	Semi-automatic pistol
Place of origin	Italy
Service history
In service	1923–1945
Used by	See Users
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designer	Giovanni Beretta
Manufacturer	Fabrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta S.p.A.
Specifications
Mass	800 grams (1.8 lb)
Length	177 millimetres (7.0 in)
Barrel length	87 millimetres (3.4 in)

Cartridge	9mm Glisenti
Action	Blowback, single-action
Muzzle velocity	305 m/s (1,000.6 fps)
Effective firing range	50 metres (55 yd)

The Beretta Model 1923 pistol was a service pistol used by the Italian Army from 1923 until 1945. The M1923 was designed to consolidate the improvements of the 1915/19 model and to use the 9mm Glisenti round. However, due to the vast amount of handguns available after the end of World War I only 3000 samples, of about 10.000 produced, were purchased by the Italian Army.

History

The Glisenti Model 1910 was the first Italian produced semi auto pistol adopted by the Italian military. Designed by Bethel Revelli it was originally chambered for a bottlenecked 7.65 mm round, which was similar to the 7.65×21mm Parabellum. Later, having the Italian Army judged the 7.65 round to be too light for military use, and having launched a competition for 9mm handguns instead, the Metallurgica Bresciana Tampini, owner of the design, adapted the Glisenti pistol to fire a 9mm round, obtained enlarging the original one (eliminating the bottleneck) without changing the load. Therefore, although being the cartridge dimensionally identical to the 9mm Luger (that was obtained in the same way from the 7.65×21mm Parabellum, but increasing the load) the 9mm Glisenti cartridge has a load that is about 1/4 lighter than the original military load of the 9mm Luger. The Glisenti Model 1910 suffered however from a lack of robustness due to its weak frame design. The bolt assembly in the receiver is supported only on one side. This lack of structural integrity led all of the stresses of firing to be taken up by just one side rail.

When Italy entered World War I, the need for more military pistols increased dramatically. In 1915, Tullio Marengoni from Beretta completed his design of a simple blowback action pistol that could fire the same 9mm Glisenti cartridge. This pistol was adopted by the Italian Army as the Beretta M1915. The M1915 is unusual in the fact that it used two manual safeties. One is a slide stop safety on the left side of the frame. The other is a small lever on the rear of the frame. If either safety is set, the pistol will not fire. Also manufactured by Beretta and adopted by the Italian military was a scaled-down version of this pistol in 7.65mm. In addition to being smaller, it did not have the manual safety at the rear of the frame.

In 1919 improvements were made to the smaller 7.65mm M1915 design. The round post barrel mount where the barrel was lifted straight up out of the frame was replaced with a T slot mount. This required a larger opening in the top of the slide so the double opening of the M1915 was changed to a single longer one. The slide now looked like the characteristic open-top Beretta style. The redesigned pistol is marked on the slide 1915–1919, otherwise known as the M1915/19.

In 1921 Beretta introduced a pistol in 9mm Glisenti caliber as a replacement for the military’s M1915 pistols. It incorporated the M1915/1919 changes plus adding an external hammer. The M1923 is a semi-automatic pistol with a 4-inch (100 mm) barrel and 7 shot detachable magazine. The slide is marked "Brev 1915-1919 Mlo 1923". Some of the M1923 pistols have grooves for a shoulder stock holster machined into the bottom of the grip frame. The shoulder stock holster was unlike the Mauser in that it was a conventional leather holster with a hinged folding steel arm riveted to the spine. The end of the arm had a cut out that slipped over the butt of the pistol and locked in place.

Users

Argentina: Purchased 600 for the Buenos Aires Provincial Police from 1933 to 1934.
Kingdom of Bulgaria: Purchased 4,000 in 1926.
Kingdom of Italy: Service pistol prior to the adoption of the Beretta M1934.
Turkey: Purchased 25 for the Turkish Navy in 1931.

References

Fowler, Will (2008). The Complete World Encyclopedia of Guns. Anness Publishing. p. 171.
Peterson, Phillip Standard Catalog of Military Firearms (5th Edition), p.230. Krause Publications, 2009
^ Riccio, Ralph A. (2014). Italian Small Arms of the First and Second World Wars. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 9780764345838.

v t e Beretta Firearms
Handguns	M1915 M1923 M1934 M1935 M1951 92 and derivatives (93R M9 90two) 70 Series Cheetah/80 Series Cougar Px4 Storm 418 Bobcat Tomcat Jetfire/Minx Nano Pico U22 Neos Stampede Laramie APX
Submachine guns	M38 M12 Mx4 Storm PMX
Rifles & carbines	Moschetto Automatico Revelli-Beretta Mod. 1915 BM 59 Cx4 Storm Rx4 Storm 501 AR70/90 ARX160/ARX100
Machine guns	AS70/90
Shotguns	Silver Pigeon 682 DT-10 1200FP 1201FP 1301 AL390 AL391 Xtrema 2 Tx4 Storm
Category Commons

v t e Italian firearms and light weapons of World War I
Pistols	Glisenti Modello 1910 Brixia Mod. 1913 Bodeo Mod. 1889 Beretta M1915 Beretta M1917
Rifles and carbines	Carcano Mod. 91 Vetterli-Vitali Mod. 1870/87 Vetterli-Vitali Mod. 1870/87/16
Submachine guns	Carabinetta Automatica O.V.P FIAT Mod.1915
Machine guns and other heavy weapons	Fiat-Revelli Mod. 1914 Perino Mod. 1908 SIA Mod. 1918 Gardner M1886 Nordenfelt Mod. 1884 Lanciafiamme Schilt 1 Lanciafiamme Schilt 2 Lanciafiamme Schilt 3bis Lanciafiamme DLF Lanciafiamme tipo italiano Lanciafiamme Hersent-Thiriont
hand grenades and rifle grenades	Aasen tipo A2 Aasen tipo C Aasen da fucile Baldari Benaglia Besozzi BPD Carasco Bertone Excelsior-Thévenot P2 Lenticolare M14 Lenticolare Minucciani Petardo Thévenot Petardo Stobi PO/PD/PI SIPE Spaccamela Vivien Bessiere
Cartridge	6,5 × 52 mm Mannlicher-Carcano 7,63 × 25 mm Mauser 7,65 × 17 mm Browning 9 × 19 mm Glisenti 10,35 × 20 mm 10,35 × 47 mm R 8 × 50 mm R Lebel 8 × 50 mm R Mannlicher

v t e Italian firearms and light weapons of World War II
Side arms	Beretta M1923 Beretta M1934 Beretta M1935 Roth–Steyr M1907 Steyr M1912 Glisenti M1910 Bodeo Model 1889
Rifles and carbines (fucili e moschetti)	Fucile da Fanteria Mod. 1891 Moschetto Mod. 91 da Cavalleria Moschetto per Truppe Speciali Mod. 91 Fucile Mod. 1938 Armaguerra Mod. 39 rifle Moschetto Automatico Revelli-Beretta Mod. 1915
Submachine guns	MAB 38 Onorati Carabinetta Automatica O.V.P FNAB-43 OG-43 TZ-45
Machine guns and other larger weapons	Fiat-Revelli Mod. 1914 Fiat Revelli Mod. 1935 SAFAT M1926 Breda-SAFAT Breda Mod. 1930 Breda Mod. 5C Breda Mod. 1937 Breda Mod. 1938 Solothurn S-18/1000 Fucile Controcarro 35(P)
Grenades	OTO Mod. 35 OTO Mod. 42 SRCM Mod. 35 Breda Mod. 35 Breda Mod. 42 L Type P Bomb
Mortars (mortai)	Brixia Model 35 81/14 Model 35 Mortar
Cartridge	.32 ACP .380 ACP 6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano 7.35×51mm Carcano 8×57mm IS 8×59mm Rb Breda 9×19mm Glisenti 9×19mm Parabellum 20×138mmB

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