Bauddha Rishi Mahapragya (Nepali: बौद्धऋषि महाप्रज्ञा; born Nani Kaji Shrestha; 21 May 1901 – 1979) was one of the most influential figures in the revival of Theravada Buddhism in Nepal in the 1920s. In 1926, he was jailed and then exiled by the tyrannical Rana regime for converting to Buddhism from Hinduism.
Mahapragya (alternative names: Bhikshu Mahapragya, Palden Sherab, M. P. Pradhan, Prem Bahadur Shrestha) was also a writer and is known for his Buddhist books, poetry and hymns in Nepal Bhasa and Hindi.
Early life
Mahapragya was born at Lhugah (ल्हूघ:) in Kathmandu to father Kul Narayan and mother Hira Maya Shrestha. He was named Prem Bahadur Shrestha. As a youth, he was inclined towards composing and singing hymns. He had an early marriage which broke up.
Ordination
In 1924, inspired by the sermons of Tibetan Buddhist monk Kyangtse Lama who was then visiting Kathmandu, Prem Bahadur followed him to Kyirong, Tibet where he was ordained as a Tibetan monk along with two other Newars. He was given the name Mahapragya. He returned to Kathmandu with one of the novices, and they lived on Nagarjuna hill with a lama named Tsering Norbu. Three of Mahapragya's friends joined them and also became monks.
Into exile
The people of Kathmandu were inspired by the sight of the men in ochre robes as they made their alms round. The Ranas did not like Mahapragya, born a Hindu, becoming a Tibetan Buddhist monk, or the monks going around the city begging. In 1926, the five monks and Tsering Norbu were expelled to India. The six went to Bodh Gaya where they became Theravada monks under a Burmese teacher. They then moved to Kolkata, and Mahapragya decided to travel to Tibet with Tsering Norbu to learn Buddhism.
In Lhasa, Mahapragya met Kul Man Singh Tuladhar whom he convinced to become a Tibetan monk. Mahapragya and Kul Man Singh, now known as Karmasheel, wandered around Tibet and then went to Kushinagar, India in 1928 where they were reordained as Theravada monks. Karmasheel (who would later become known as Pragyananda Mahasthavir) returned to Kathmandu in 1930 as the first Theravada monk in Nepal since the 14th century.
But Mahapragya, still under an expulsion order, could not enter the country. However, in March 1930 during the Maha Shivaratri festival, he slipped into Kathmandu disguised as a woman and blending with the throngs of Indian pilgrims. He returned to Kushinagar shortly for fear of detection. He then traveled to Burma where he lived in the jungle and varied monasteries before moving to Kalimpong, India in 1934.
Buddhist sage
Mahapragya lived in Kalimpong as he waited to be allowed to return to Nepal. In 1945, he disrobed and became a layman to marry a widow with whom he had two children. He worked as a photographer, and also taught Buddhism. In 1962, he broke up with her and lived in Kathmandu as a Buddhist sage (Bauddha Rishi).
Mahapragya has published 18 books which include his most famous work Lalitavistara, the Buddha's life story first published in 1940, and his autobiography in three volumes (1983). The hymn "The Light of Wisdom has Died" is among the most popular of his compositions.
See also
References
- Kondanya, Ven. (2011). "Updated Theravada Records in Present Nepal". Ananda Kuti Vihar. Archived from the original on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (31 August 2012). "The singing monk". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ Bajracharya, Phanindra Ratna (2003). Who's Who in Nepal Bhasha. Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. ISBN 99933-560-0-X. Page 34.
- Gellner, David N. (2008). "Gyanmala Bhajan (Devotional songs)". Lumbini Nepalese Buddha Dharma Society (UK). Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ LeVine, Sarah and Gellner, David N. (2005). Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01908-3, ISBN 978-0-674-01908-9. Pages 41-44.
- Studies in Nepali history and society, Volume 7, Issue 2 (2002). Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point. Page 230.
- Dietrich, Angela (1996). "Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: A History of Persecution". Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal of Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- "Theravada Buddhism in Modern Nepal". Lumbini Nepalese Buddha Dharma Society (UK). 2008. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- Mahapragya (2013). An Autobiography of Bauddha Rishi Mahapragya. Kathmandu: Bauddha Rishi Mahapragya Ashram. Pages 2, 117.
- LeVine, Sarah and Gellner, David N. (2005). Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01908-3, ISBN 978-0-674-01908-9. Pages 52-53.
- Mahapragya, Bhikshu (2008). Lalitavistara. Kathmandu: Sarbagya Ratna Tuladhar et al. ISBN 978-9937-2-1026-3.
- "The Light of Wisdom has Died (Gyan Mata Sita)". Lumbini Nepalese Buddha Dharma Society (UK). 2008. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
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- 1901 births
- 1979 deaths
- People from Kathmandu
- Nepalese Theravada Buddhists
- Theravada Buddhist monks
- Nepalese Buddhist monks
- Newar people
- Theravada Buddhism writers
- 20th-century Nepalese male writers
- Newar-language writers
- Persecution of Buddhists
- Nepalese exiles
- Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism
- 20th-century Buddhist monks