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2074 Shoemaker, provisional designation 1974 UA, is a stony Hungaria asteroid, Mars-crosser and suspected synchronous binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1974, by astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory. She named it after American astronomer Eugene Shoemaker.

Orbit and classification

Shoemaker is a bright member of the dynamical Hungaria group that forms the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–1.9 AU once every 2 years and 5 months (882 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 30° with respect to the ecliptic. With a perihelion of 1.6521 AU, Shoemaker is a Mars-crossing asteroid as it crosses the orbit of Mars at 1.666 AU.

The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar in April 1954, more than 20 years prior to its official discovery observation.

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Shoemaker is a Sa-subtype, that transitions form the common stony S-type asteroids to the A-type asteroids.

Rotation period

Several rotational lightcurve of Shoemaker were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (716) and CS3-Station (U82). Analysis of the best-rated lightcurves gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.5328 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.13 magnitude (U=3).

Suspected binary

In October 2003, photometric observations of Shoemaker by Robert D. Stephens gave a long rotation period of 57.02 hours. After re-measuring the images with newer software and calibration techniques, two mutual occultation and eclipsing events were found, indicating that Shoemaker might be a synchronous binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon orbiting it every 55 hours. Observations in 2010, were difficult due to incomplete coverage and gave an orbital period of 27.39 hours for the secondary. Observations by astronomers at Etscorn Campus Observatory (719) in 2015, did not mention any mutual events.

In June 2017, Warner measured a rotation period of 2.5331±0.0002 hours and an orbital period for the secondary of 44.28 hours at his CS3-Palmer Divide Station in California. The binary nature of Shoemaker remains unconfirmed.

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Shoemaker measures 3.18 and 3.22 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.41 and 0.52, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 4.93 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.9.

Naming

This minor planet was named by the discoverer after her colleague, the American astronomer Eugene Shoemaker (1928–1997), who was a discoverer of minor planets and of the Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 that collided with Jupiter. He is well known for his work on impact craters and his role in the lunar Ranger, Surveyor and Apollo programs.

The naming was also proposed by Brian G. Marsden, the director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1978 (M.P.C. 4548).

Notes

1. ^ Warner (2018b) web. Not yet in ADS. Observation 30 June 2017. Rotation period of 2.5331±0.0002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.09±0.01 mag. Quality code of 3. Summary figures for (2074) Shoemaker at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)
2. ^ Lightcurve plot of (2074) Shoemaker, Warner (2017), rotation period: 2.5331 hours; and second period (P2) of 44.28 hours. Quality code of 3.
3. Lightcurve plot of (2074) Shoemaker, Warner (2015), period: of 2.809 and 2.515 hours. Quality code of 2.

References

1. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2074 Shoemaker (1974 UA)" (2017-07-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
2. ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2074) Shoemaker". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2074) Shoemaker. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 168. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2075. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
3. ^ "LCDB Data for (2074) Shoemaker". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
4. ^ "2074 Shoemaker (1974 UA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
5. ^ Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
6. ^ Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. S2CID 9341381. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
7. ^ Warner, Brian D.; Stephens, Robert, D.; Harris, Alan W.; Pravec, Petr (October 2009). "A Re-examination of the Lightcurves for Seven Hungaria Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 36 (4): 176–179. Bibcode:2009MPBu...36..176W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 6 September 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
8. ^ Warner, Brian D. (January 2011). "A Quartet of Known and Suspected Hungaria Binary Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (1): 33–36. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...33W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
9. ^ Klinglesmith, Daniel A. III; Hendrickx, Sebastian; Madden, Karl; Montgomery, Samuel (April 2016). "Lightcurves for Shape/Spin Models". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (2): 123–128. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..123K. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
10. Warner, Brian D. (January 2016). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2015 June-September". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (1): 57–65. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43...57W. ISSN 1052-8091. PMC 7244003. PMID 32455368. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
11. Warner, Brian D.; Stephens, Robert D. (October 2012). "Lightcurve for 2074 Shoemaker". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (4): 225. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39..225W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
12. ^ Stephens, Robert D. (June 2004). "Photometry of 804 Hispania, 899 Jokaste, 1306 Scythia, and 2074 Shoemaker". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 31 (2): 40–41. Bibcode:2004MPBu...31...40S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
13. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
14. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. Bibcode:2009dmpn.book.....S. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

• Minor planet object articles (numbered)
• Mars-crossing asteroids
• Discoveries by Eleanor F. Helin
• Named minor planets
• Binary asteroids
• Sa-type asteroids (SMASS)
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1974